Solved Problems
Output a string to the console
Write the string
"Hello World!" to STDOUT
erlang
io:format("Hello, World!~n").
java
System.out.println("Hello World!");
System.out.printf("Hello World!\n");
Retrieve a string containing ampersands from the variables in a url
My PHP script first does a query to obtain customer info for a form. The form has first name and last name fields among others. The customer has put entries such as
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
"Ron & Jean" in the first name field in the database. Then the edit form script is called with variables such as
"http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron & Jean&lname=Smith".
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
['firstname'] never gets beyond the "Ron" value because of the ampersand in the data.
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
"http://myserver/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname="Ronxxnbsp;xxamp;xxnbsp;Jean"&lname=SMITH". (sorry I had to add the xx to replace the ampersand or it didn't display meaningful url contents the browser sees.)
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
erlang
% encode ampersand in your string using %XX where XX is hex code for ampersand
% optionally encode spaces for completeness sake to keep URL solid
URL = "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron%20%26%20Jean&lname=Smith",
{_, Query} = string:tokens(URL, "?"),
KeyValuePairs = string:tokens(Query, "&"),...
% optionally encode spaces for completeness sake to keep URL solid
URL = "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron%20%26%20Jean&lname=Smith",
{_, Query} = string:tokens(URL, "?"),
KeyValuePairs = string:tokens(Query, "&"),...
java
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("mode", "view");
params.put("fname", "Ron & Jean");
params.put("lname", "Smith");
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
buffer.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"))
.append("=")
.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
}
System.out.println(buffer.toString());
params.put("mode", "view");
params.put("fname", "Ron & Jean");
params.put("lname", "Smith");
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
buffer.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"))
.append("=")
.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
}
System.out.println(buffer.toString());
string-wrap
Wrap the string
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> "
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
erlang
wrapper(String, Times, Length) ->
StrList = lists:reverse(formatter(string:copies(String, Times), Length, [])),
lists:foreach(fun(Str) -> io:format("~p~n", [Str]) end, StrList).
formatter([], _Length, Acc) -> Acc;
formatter(String, Length, Acc) when length(String) > Length - 1->
{Head, Tail} = lists:split(Length - 1, String),
formatter(string:strip(Tail), Length, [[$>, $ | Head] | Acc]);
formatter(String, Length, Acc) ->
formatter([], Length, [[$>, $ | String] | Acc]).
StrList = lists:reverse(formatter(string:copies(String, Times), Length, [])),
lists:foreach(fun(Str) -> io:format("~p~n", [Str]) end, StrList).
formatter([], _Length, Acc) -> Acc;
formatter(String, Length, Acc) when length(String) > Length - 1->
{Head, Tail} = lists:split(Length - 1, String),
formatter(string:strip(Tail), Length, [[$>, $ | Head] | Acc]);
formatter(String, Length, Acc) ->
formatter([], Length, [[$>, $ | String] | Acc]).
java
public class SolutionXX {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
String words = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
builder.append(words);
}
String toWrap = builder.toString();
int width = 76;
while (toWrap!=null && toWrap.length()>0)
{
String first = toWrap.length() > width ? toWrap.substring(0, width+1) : toWrap;
toWrap = (!toWrap.equals(first)) ? toWrap.substring(width + 1).trim() : null;
System.out.println("> " + first);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
String words = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
builder.append(words);
}
String toWrap = builder.toString();
int width = 76;
while (toWrap!=null && toWrap.length()>0)
{
String first = toWrap.length() > width ? toWrap.substring(0, width+1) : toWrap;
toWrap = (!toWrap.equals(first)) ? toWrap.substring(width + 1).trim() : null;
System.out.println("> " + first);
}
}
}
Define a string containing special characters
Define the literal string
"\#{'}${"}/"
erlang
Special = "\\#{'}\${\"}/",
java
String special = "\\#{'}${\"}/";
Define a multiline string
Define the string:
"This
Is
A
Multiline
String"
erlang
Text = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString",
java
String text = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString";
String text =
"This\n" +
"Is\n" +
"A\n" +
"Multiline\n" +
"String"
"This\n" +
"Is\n" +
"A\n" +
"Multiline\n" +
"String"
Define a string containing variables and expressions
Given variables a=3 and b=4 output
"3+4=7"
erlang
A = 3, B = 4,
io:format("~B+~B=~B~n", [A, B, (A+B)]).
io:format("~B+~B=~B~n", [A, B, (A+B)]).
java
System.out.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + (a+b));
System.out.printf("%d+%d=%d\n", a, b, a + b);
Reverse the characters in a string
Given the string
"reverse me", produce the string "em esrever"
erlang
Reversed = lists:reverse("reverse me"),
Reversed = revchars("reverse me"),
java
String reverse = new StringBuffer("reverse me").reverse().toString();
String reverse = new StringBuilder("reverse me").reverse().toString();
String reverse = StringUtils.reverse("reverse me");
Reverse the words in a string
Given the string
"This is a end, my only friend!", produce the string "friend! only my end, the is This"
erlang
Reversed = string:join(lists:reverse(string:tokens("This is the end, my only friend!", " ")), " "),
java
List list = new ArrayList();
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, " ");
while(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
list.add(0, st.nextToken());
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
String word = (String) iterator.next();
sb.append(word);
if (iterator.hasNext()) {
sb.append(" ");
}
}
String reversed = sb.toString();
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, " ");
while(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
list.add(0, st.nextToken());
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
String word = (String) iterator.next();
sb.append(word);
if (iterator.hasNext()) {
sb.append(" ");
}
}
String reversed = sb.toString();
List<String> ls = Arrays.asList("This is the end, my only friend!".split("\\s"));
Collections.reverse(ls);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32); for (String s : ls) sb.append(" ").append(s);
String reversed = sb.toString().trim();
Collections.reverse(ls);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32); for (String s : ls) sb.append(" ").append(s);
String reversed = sb.toString().trim();
String reversed = StringUtils.reverseDelimited("This is the end, my only friend!", ' ');
Text wrapping
Wrap the string
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> ", yielding this result:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
erlang
TextWrap = textwrap(string:copies(Input, 10), 73 - length(Prefix)),
lists:foreach(fun (Line) -> io:format("~s~n", [string:concat(Prefix, Line)]) end, string:tokens(TextWrap, "\n")).
lists:foreach(fun (Line) -> io:format("~s~n", [string:concat(Prefix, Line)]) end, string:tokens(TextWrap, "\n")).
java
String prefix = "> "; String input = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
String[] lines = WordUtils.wrap(StringUtils.repeat(input, 10), 72 - prefix.length()).split("\n");
for (String line : lines) System.out.printf("%s%s\n", prefix, line);
String[] lines = WordUtils.wrap(StringUtils.repeat(input, 10), 72 - prefix.length()).split("\n");
for (String line : lines) System.out.printf("%s%s\n", prefix, line);
Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string
Given the string
" hello " return the string "hello".
erlang
Trimmed = string:strip(S),
java
String s = " hello "; String trimmed = s.trim();
Simple substitution cipher
Take a string and return the ROT13 and ROT47 (Check Wikipedia) version of the string.
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
erlang
rot13(Str) ->
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $A, A =< $Z -> ((A - $A + 13) rem 26) + $A;
A >= $a, A =< $z -> ((A - $a + 13) rem 26) + $a;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
rot47(Str) ->
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $!, A =< $~ ->
((A - $! + 47) rem 94) + $!;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $A, A =< $Z -> ((A - $A + 13) rem 26) + $A;
A >= $a, A =< $z -> ((A - $a + 13) rem 26) + $a;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
rot47(Str) ->
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $!, A =< $~ ->
((A - $! + 47) rem 94) + $!;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
java
CharArrayWriter rot13 = new CharArrayWriter() ;
for (char c : i ) {
char lc = Character.toLowerCase(c) ;
rot13.append( c += ( (lc >= 'a' && lc <= 'm') ? 13 : ( (lc >= 'n' && lc <= 'z') ? -13 : 0 ) )) ;
}
CharArrayWriter rot47 = new CharArrayWriter() ;
for (char c : i )
rot47.append( c += ( (c >= '!' && c <= 'O') ? 47 : ( (c >= 'P' && c <= '~') ? -47 : 0 ) )) ;
for (char c : i ) {
char lc = Character.toLowerCase(c) ;
rot13.append( c += ( (lc >= 'a' && lc <= 'm') ? 13 : ( (lc >= 'n' && lc <= 'z') ? -13 : 0 ) )) ;
}
CharArrayWriter rot47 = new CharArrayWriter() ;
for (char c : i )
rot47.append( c += ( (c >= '!' && c <= 'O') ? 47 : ( (c >= 'P' && c <= '~') ? -47 : 0 ) )) ;
Make a string uppercase
Transform
"Space Monkey" into "SPACE MONKEY"
erlang
io:format("~s~n", [string:to_upper("Space Monkey")]).
java
String upper = text.toUpperCase();
Make a string lowercase
Transform
"Caps ARE overRated" into "caps are overrated"
erlang
io:format("~s~n", [string:to_lower("Caps ARE overRated")]).
java
"Caps ARE overRated".toLowerCase();
Capitalise the first letter of each word
Transform
"man OF stEEL" into "Man Of Steel"
erlang
Caps = string:join(lists:map(fun(S) -> to_caps(S) end, string:tokens("man OF stEEL", " ")), " "),
java
String input = "man OF stEEL";
StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(input);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
String word = tokenizer.nextToken();
sb.append(word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase());
sb.append(word.substring(1).toLowerCase());
sb.append(' ');
}
String text = sb.toString();
StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(input);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
String word = tokenizer.nextToken();
sb.append(word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase());
sb.append(word.substring(1).toLowerCase());
sb.append(' ');
}
String text = sb.toString();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("man OF stEEL"); String s = sb.toString();
int last = s.length() - 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= last; ++i)
if (Character.isSpaceChar(s.charAt(i)) && i < last) { ++i; sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i))); }
else if (i == 0) sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i)));
else sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(i)));
int last = s.length() - 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= last; ++i)
if (Character.isSpaceChar(s.charAt(i)) && i < last) { ++i; sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i))); }
else if (i == 0) sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i)));
else sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(i)));
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("(\\w+)").matcher("man OF stEEL"); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32), rsb = new StringBuffer(8);
while (m.find())
{
rsb.replace(0, rsb.length(), m.group().toLowerCase()); rsb.setCharAt(0, Character.toUpperCase(rsb.charAt(0)));
m.appendReplacement(sb, rsb.toString());
}
m.appendTail(sb);
while (m.find())
{
rsb.replace(0, rsb.length(), m.group().toLowerCase()); rsb.setCharAt(0, Character.toUpperCase(rsb.charAt(0)));
m.appendReplacement(sb, rsb.toString());
}
m.appendTail(sb);
String text = WordUtils.capitalizeFully("man OF stEEL");
Find the distance between two points
erlang
Distance = distance({point, 34, 78}, {point, 67, -45}),
io:format("~.2f~n", [Distance]).
io:format("~.2f~n", [Distance]).
Distance = distance(point:new(34, 78), point:new(67, -45)),
io:format("~.2f~n", [Distance]).
io:format("~.2f~n", [Distance]).
java
double distance = Point2D.distance(x1, y1, x2, y2);
Point2D point1 = new Point2D.Double(x1, y1);
Point2D point2 = new Point2D.Double(x2, y2);
double distance = point1.distance(point2);
Point2D point2 = new Point2D.Double(x2, y2);
double distance = point1.distance(point2);
double distance = Math.hypot(x2-x1, y2-y1);
Zero pad a number
Given the number 42, pad it to 8 characters like 00000042
erlang
Formatted = io_lib:format("~8..0B", [42]),
io:format("~8..0B~n", [42]).
java
String formatted = new DecimalFormat("00000000").format(42);
String formatted = String.format("%08d", 42);
Right Space pad a number
Given the number 1024 right pad it to 6 characters
"1024 "
erlang
Formatted = io_lib:format("~-6B", [1024]),
io:format("~-6B~n", [1024]).
java
private static String spaces(int spaces) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0; i<spaces; i++) {
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static String rightPad(int number, int spaces) {
String numberString = String.valueOf(number);
return numberString + spaces(spaces - numberString.length());
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0; i<spaces; i++) {
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static String rightPad(int number, int spaces) {
String numberString = String.valueOf(number);
return numberString + spaces(spaces - numberString.length());
}
String text = StringUtils.rightPad(String.valueOf(1024), 6)
String formatted = String.format("%-6d", 1024);
Format a decimal number
Format the number 7/8 as a decimal with 2 places: 0.88
erlang
Formatted = io_lib:format("~.2f", [7/8]),
io:format("~.2f~n", [7/8]).
java
String formatted = String.format("%3.2f", 7./8.);
Left Space pad a number
Given the number 73 left pad it to 10 characters
" 73"
erlang
Formatted = io_lib:format("~10B", [73]),
io:format("~10B~n", [73]).
java
private static String spaces(int spaces) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0; i<spaces; i++) {
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static String leftPad(int number, int spaces) {
String numberString = String.valueOf(number);
return spaces(spaces - numberString.length()) + numberString;
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(int i=0; i<spaces; i++) {
sb.append(' ');
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static String leftPad(int number, int spaces) {
String numberString = String.valueOf(number);
return spaces(spaces - numberString.length()) + numberString;
}
String formatted = String.format("%10d", 73);
Generate a random integer in a given range
Produce a random integer between 100 and 200 inclusive
erlang
RandomInt = gen_rand_integer(100, 200),
java
Random random = new Random();
int randomInt = random.nextInt(200-100+1)+100;
int randomInt = random.nextInt(200-100+1)+100;
Generate a repeatable random number sequence
Initialise a random number generator with a seed and generate five decimal values. Reset the seed and produce the same values.
erlang
setRNG(RNGState),
io:format("~w~n", [lists:map(fun (_) -> gen_rand_integer(100, 200) end, lists:seq(1, 5))]),
setRNG(RNGState),
io:format("~w~n", [lists:map(fun (_) -> gen_rand_integer(100, 200) end, lists:seq(1, 5))]).
io:format("~w~n", [lists:map(fun (_) -> gen_rand_integer(100, 200) end, lists:seq(1, 5))]),
setRNG(RNGState),
io:format("~w~n", [lists:map(fun (_) -> gen_rand_integer(100, 200) end, lists:seq(1, 5))]).
java
int[] arr1 = genFillRand(new int[5], new Random(12345), 100, 200);
int[] arr2 = genFillRand(new int[5], new Random(12345), 100, 200);
for (int[] arr : new int[][]{ arr1, arr2 }) { for (int i : arr) System.out.printf("%d ", i); System.out.println(); }
int[] arr2 = genFillRand(new int[5], new Random(12345), 100, 200);
for (int[] arr : new int[][]{ arr1, arr2 }) { for (int i : arr) System.out.printf("%d ", i); System.out.println(); }
Check if a string matches a regular expression
Display
"ok" if "Hello" matches /[A-Z][a-z]+/
erlang
String = "Hello", Regexp = "[A-Z][a-z]+",
is_match(String, Regexp) andalso (begin io:format("ok~n"), true end).
is_match(String, Regexp) andalso (begin io:format("ok~n"), true end).
case re:run("Hello", "[A-Z][a-z]+") of {match, _} -> ok end.
java
if ("Hello".matches("[A-Z][a-z]+")) {
System.out.println("ok");
}
System.out.println("ok");
}
Check if a string matches with groups
Display
"two" if "one two three" matches /one (.*) three/
erlang
case re:run("one two three", "one (.*) three", [{capture, [1], list}]) of {match, Res} -> hd(Res) end.
java
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("one (.*) three");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher("one two three");
if (matcher.matches()) {
System.out.println(matcher.group(1));
}
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher("one two three");
if (matcher.matches()) {
System.out.println(matcher.group(1));
}
Check if a string contains a match to a regular expression
Display
"ok" if "abc 123 @#$" matches /\d+/
erlang
% Erlang uses 'egrep'-compatible regular expressions, so shortcuts like '\d' not supported
String = "abc 123 @#$", Regexp = "[0-9]+",
is_match(String, Regexp) andalso (begin io:format("ok~n"), true end).
String = "abc 123 @#$", Regexp = "[0-9]+",
is_match(String, Regexp) andalso (begin io:format("ok~n"), true end).
case re:run("abc 123 @#$", "\\d+") of {match, _} -> ok end.
java
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\d+");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text);
if (matcher.find()) {
System.out.println("ok");
}
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text);
if (matcher.find()) {
System.out.println("ok");
}
Loop through a string matching a regex and performing an action for each match
Create a list
[fish1,cow3,boat4] when matching "(fish):1 sausage (cow):3 tree (boat):4" with regex /\((\w+)\):(\d+)/
erlang
solve(S) ->
R = "\\((\\w+?)\\):(\\d+)",
{match, M} = re:run(S,R, [global, {capture, all_but_first, list}]),
[ A++N || [A, N] <- M].
R = "\\((\\w+?)\\):(\\d+)",
{match, M} = re:run(S,R, [global, {capture, all_but_first, list}]),
[ A++N || [A, N] <- M].
java
List list = new ArrayList();
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\((\\w+)\\):(\\d+)");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text);
while(matcher.find()) {
list.add(matcher.group(1)+matcher.group(2));
}
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\((\\w+)\\):(\\d+)");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(text);
while(matcher.find()) {
list.add(matcher.group(1)+matcher.group(2));
}
Replace the first regex match in a string with a static string
Transform
"Red Green Blue" into "R*d Green Blue" by replacing /e/ with "*"
erlang
{ok, Replaced, _} = regexp:sub("Red Green Blue", "e", "*"),
re:replace("Red Green Blue", "e", "*", [{return, list}]).
java
String replaced = "Red Green Blue".replaceFirst("e", "*");
Replace all regex matches in a string with a static string
Transform
"She sells sea shells" into "She X X shells" by replacing /se\w+/ with "X"
erlang
% Erlang uses 'egrep'-compatible regular expressions, so shortcuts like '\w' not supported
{ok, Replaced, _} = regexp:gsub("She sells sea shells", "se[A-Za-z0-9_]+", "X"),
{ok, Replaced, _} = regexp:gsub("She sells sea shells", "se[A-Za-z0-9_]+", "X"),
re:replace("She sells sea shells", "se\\w+", "X", [global, {return, list}]).
java
String replaced = text.replaceAll("se\\w+", "X");
Replace all regex matches in a string with a dynamic string
Transform
"The {Quick} Brown {Fox}" into "The kciuQ Brown xoF" by reversing words in braces using the regex /\{(\w+)\}/.
erlang
% Erlang regular expressions lack both group capture and backreferences, thus this problem is not directly
% solvable. Presented solution is close, but not on-spec
String = "The {Quick} Brown {Fox}",
{match, FieldList} = regexp:matches(String, "\{([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\}"),
NewString = lists:foldl(fun ({Start, Length}, S) -> replstr(S, lists:reverse(string:substr(S, Start, Length)), Start) end, String, FieldList),
% solvable. Presented solution is close, but not on-spec
String = "The {Quick} Brown {Fox}",
{match, FieldList} = regexp:matches(String, "\{([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\}"),
NewString = lists:foldl(fun ({Start, Length}, S) -> replstr(S, lists:reverse(string:substr(S, Start, Length)), Start) end, String, FieldList),
java
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("\\{(\\w+)\\}").matcher("The {Quick} Brown {Fox}");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32), rsb = new StringBuffer(8);
while (m.find())
{
rsb.replace(0, rsb.length(), m.group(1)); rsb.reverse(); m.appendReplacement(sb, rsb.toString());
}
m.appendTail(sb);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32), rsb = new StringBuffer(8);
while (m.find())
{
rsb.replace(0, rsb.length(), m.group(1)); rsb.reverse(); m.appendReplacement(sb, rsb.toString());
}
m.appendTail(sb);
Define an empty list
Assign the variable
"list" to a list with no elements
erlang
List = [],
java
List list = Collections.emptyList();
String[] list = {};
Define a static list
Define the list
[One, Two, Three, Four, Five]
erlang
List = [one, two, three, four, five],
List = ['One', 'Two', 'Three', 'Four', 'Five'],
java
List<String> numbers = new ArrayList<String>();
Collections.addAll(numbers, "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five");
Collections.addAll(numbers, "One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five");
List numbers = new ArrayList();
numbers.add("One");
numbers.add("Two");
numbers.add("Three");
numbers.add("Four");
numbers.add("Five");
numbers.add("One");
numbers.add("Two");
numbers.add("Three");
numbers.add("Four");
numbers.add("Five");
List numbers = Arrays.asList(new String[]{"One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five"});
String[] numbers = {"One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five"};
List numbers = new ArrayList(){{put("One"); put("Two"); put("Three"); put("Four"); put("Five"); }};
Join the elements of a list, separated by commas
Given the list
[Apple, Banana, Carrot] produce "Apple, Banana, Carrot"
erlang
Result = string:join(Fruit, ", "),
Result = lists:foldl(fun (E, Acc) -> Acc ++ ", " ++ E end, hd(Fruit), tl(Fruit)),
Result = lists:flatten([ hd(Fruit) | [ ", " ++ X || X <- tl(Fruit)]]).
java
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Iterator it = fruit.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
sb.append(it.next());
if (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(", ");
}
}
String result = sb.toString();
for (Iterator it = fruit.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
sb.append(it.next());
if (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(", ");
}
}
String result = sb.toString();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(fruit.get(0));
for (String item : fruit.subList(1, fruit.size())) sb.append(", ").append(item);
String result = sb.toString();
for (String item : fruit.subList(1, fruit.size())) sb.append(", ").append(item);
String result = sb.toString();
String result = StringUtils.join(fruit, ", ");
Join the elements of a list, in correct english
Create a function join that takes a List and produces a string containing an english language concatenation of the list. It should work with the following examples:
join(
join(
join(
join(
join(
[Apple, Banana, Carrot]) = "Apple, Banana, and Carrot"
join(
[One, Two]) = "One and Two"
join(
[Lonely]) = "Lonely"
join(
[]) = ""
erlang
io:format("~s~n", [join(Fruit)]).
% ------
join([]) -> "";
join([W|Ws]) -> join(Ws, W).
join([], S) -> S;
join([W], S) -> join([], S ++ " and " ++ W);
join([W|Ws], S) -> join(Ws, S ++ ", " ++ W).
% ------
join([]) -> "";
join([W|Ws]) -> join(Ws, W).
join([], S) -> S;
join([W], S) -> join([], S ++ " and " ++ W);
join([W|Ws], S) -> join(Ws, S ++ ", " ++ W).
%% According to the reference manual, "string is not a data type in Erlang."
%% Instead it has lists of integers. But I/O functions in general accept
%% IO lists, where an IO list is either a list of IO lists or an integer.
%% This gives you O(1) string concatenation.
-module(commalist).
-export([join/1]).
join([]) -> "";
join([W]) -> W;
join([W1, W2]) -> [W1, " and ", W2];
join([W1, W2, W3]) -> [W1, ", ", W2, ", and ", W3];
join([W1|Ws]) -> [W1, ", ", join(Ws)].
%% Instead it has lists of integers. But I/O functions in general accept
%% IO lists, where an IO list is either a list of IO lists or an integer.
%% This gives you O(1) string concatenation.
-module(commalist).
-export([join/1]).
join([]) -> "";
join([W]) -> W;
join([W1, W2]) -> [W1, " and ", W2];
join([W1, W2, W3]) -> [W1, ", ", W2, ", and ", W3];
join([W1|Ws]) -> [W1, ", ", join(Ws)].
java
private String join(List elements) {
if (elements == null || elements.size() == 0) {
return "";
} else if (elements.size() == 1) {
return elements.get(0).toString();
} else if (elements.size() == 2) {
return elements.get(0) + " and " + elements.get(1);
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Iterator it = elements.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String next = (String) it.next();
if (sb.length() > 0) {
if (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(", ");
} else {
sb.append(", and ");
}
}
sb.append(next);
}
return sb.toString();
}
if (elements == null || elements.size() == 0) {
return "";
} else if (elements.size() == 1) {
return elements.get(0).toString();
} else if (elements.size() == 2) {
return elements.get(0) + " and " + elements.get(1);
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Iterator it = elements.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String next = (String) it.next();
if (sb.length() > 0) {
if (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(", ");
} else {
sb.append(", and ");
}
}
sb.append(next);
}
return sb.toString();
}
System.out.println(join(fruit));
Produce the combinations from two lists
Given two lists, produce the list of tuples formed by taking the combinations from the individual lists. E.g. given the letters
["a", "b", "c"] and the numbers [4, 5], produce the list: [["a", 4], ["b", 4], ["c", 4], ["a", 5], ["b", 5], ["c", 5]]
erlang
Combinations =
lists:foldl(fun (Number, Acc) -> Acc ++ lists:map(fun (Letter) -> {Letter, Number} end, Letters) end, [], Numbers),
lists:foldl(fun (Number, Acc) -> Acc ++ lists:map(fun (Letter) -> {Letter, Number} end, Letters) end, [], Numbers),
Combinations = lists:keysort(2, sofs:to_external(sofs:product(sofs:set(Letters), sofs:set(Numbers))))
[[A, B] || A <- ["a", "b", "c"], B <- [4, 5]].
java
List<String> combinations = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int number : numbers)
for (String letter : letters)
combinations.add(letter + ":" + Integer.toString(number));
for (int number : numbers)
for (String letter : letters)
combinations.add(letter + ":" + Integer.toString(number));
SortedSet<AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, Integer> > combinations =
new TreeSet<AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, Integer> >(new CombinationComparator());
for (int number : numbers)
for (String letter : letters)
combinations.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, Integer>(letter, Integer.valueOf(number)));
new TreeSet<AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, Integer> >(new CombinationComparator());
for (int number : numbers)
for (String letter : letters)
combinations.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, Integer>(letter, Integer.valueOf(number)));
From a List Produce a List of Duplicate Entries
Taking a list:
Write the code to produce a list of duplicates in the list:
["andrew", "bob", "chris", "bob"]
Write the code to produce a list of duplicates in the list:
["bob"]
erlang
{_, Result} = lists:foldl(
fun(X, {Uniq, Dupl}) -> case lists:member(X, Uniq) of
true -> {Uniq,[X | Dupl]};
_ -> {[X | Uniq], Dupl}
end
end,
{[], []},
List),
fun(X, {Uniq, Dupl}) -> case lists:member(X, Uniq) of
true -> {Uniq,[X | Dupl]};
_ -> {[X | Uniq], Dupl}
end
end,
{[], []},
List),
Fun = fun
([X | Xs], F) -> case lists:member(X, Xs) of
true -> [X | F(Xs, F)];
_ -> F(Xs, F)
end;
([], _) -> []
end,
Result = Fun(List, Fun).
([X | Xs], F) -> case lists:member(X, Xs) of
true -> [X | F(Xs, F)];
_ -> F(Xs, F)
end;
([], _) -> []
end,
Result = Fun(List, Fun).
java
List listOfDuplicates = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"andrew", "bob", "chris", "bob"}));
Set set = new HashSet(listOfDuplicates);
for (Object element : set)
listOfDuplicates.remove(element);
Set set = new HashSet(listOfDuplicates);
for (Object element : set)
listOfDuplicates.remove(element);
Fetch an element of a list by index
Given the list
[One, Two, Three, Four, Five], fetch the third element ('Three')
erlang
Result = lists:nth(3, List),
Result = element(3, list_to_tuple(List)),
{Left, _} = lists:split(3, List), Result = lists:last(Left),
Result = nth0(2, List),
java
String result = list.get(2);
Fetch the last element of a list
Given the list
[Red, Green, Blue], access the last element ('Blue')
erlang
Result = lists:last(List),
Result = last(List),
Result = hd(lists:reverse(List)),
Result = lists:nth(length(List), List),
java
String result = list.get(list.size() - 1);
Find the common items in two lists
Given two lists, find the common items. E.g. given beans =
['broad', 'mung', 'black', 'red', 'white'] and colors = ['black', 'red', 'blue', 'green'], what are the bean varieties that are also color names?
erlang
Beans = sets:from_list([broad, mung, black, red, white]), Colors = sets:from_list([black, red, blue, green]),
Common = sets:to_list(sets:intersection(Beans, Colors)),
Common = sets:to_list(sets:intersection(Beans, Colors)),
java
List beans = Arrays.asList(new String[]{"broad", "mung", "black", "red", "white"});
List colors = Arrays.asList(new String[]{"black", "red", "blue", "green"});
List common = ListUtils.intersection(beans, colors);
List colors = Arrays.asList(new String[]{"black", "red", "blue", "green"});
List common = ListUtils.intersection(beans, colors);
Display the unique items in a list
Display the unique items in a list, e.g. given ages =
[18, 16, 17, 18, 16, 19, 14, 17, 19, 18], display the unique elements, i.e. with duplicates removed.
erlang
Ages = sets:to_list(sets:from_list([18, 16, 17, 18, 16, 19, 14, 17, 19, 18])), io:format("~w~n", [Ages]).
lists:usort([18, 16, 17, 18, 16, 19, 14, 17, 19, 18]).
java
Set<Integer> ages = new TreeSet<Integer>(Arrays.asList(new Integer[]{18, 16, 17, 18, 16, 19, 14, 17, 19, 18}));
System.out.println(ages);
System.out.println(ages);
Remove an element from a list by index
Given the list
[Apple, Banana, Carrot], remove the first element to produce the list [Banana, Carrot]
erlang
Result = tl(List),
[_|Result] = List,
N = 1, {Left, Right} = lists:split(N - 1, List), Result = Left ++ tl(Right),
Result = drop(1, List),
java
list.remove(0);
Remove the last element of a list
erlang
Result = init(List),
Result = take(length(List) - 1, List),
Result = lists:reverse(tl(lists:reverse(List))),
java
list.remove(list.size() - 1);
Rotate a list
Given a list
["apple", "orange", "grapes", "bananas"], rotate it by removing the first item and placing it on the end to yield ["orange", "grapes", "bananas", "apple"]
erlang
N = 1, {Left, Right} = lists:split(N, List), Result = Right ++ Left,
N = 1, Result = rotate(N, List),
java
list.add(list.remove(0));
Collections.rotate(list, -1);
Gather together corresponding elements from multiple lists
Given several lists, gather together the first element from every list, the second element from every list, and so on for all corresponding index values in the lists. E.g. for these three lists, first =
['Bruce', 'Tommy Lee', 'Bruce'], last = ['Willis', 'Jones', 'Lee'], years = [1955, 1946, 1940] the result should produce 3 actors. The middle actor should be Tommy Lee Jones.
erlang
First = ['Bruce', 'Tommy Lee', 'Bruce'], Last = ['Willis', 'Jones', 'Lee'], Years = [1955, 1946, 1940],
Result = lists:zip3(First, Last, Years),
Result = lists:zip3(First, Last, Years),
java
String[] first = new String[]{"Bruce", "Tommy Lee", "Bruce"};
String[] last = new String[]{"Willis", "Jones", "Lee"};
String[] years = new String[]{"1955", "1946", "1940"};
List<String[]> list = new ArrayList<String[]>(); list.add(first); list.add(last); list.add(years);
String[] result = zip(",", list);
String[] last = new String[]{"Willis", "Jones", "Lee"};
String[] years = new String[]{"1955", "1946", "1940"};
List<String[]> list = new ArrayList<String[]>(); list.add(first); list.add(last); list.add(years);
String[] result = zip(",", list);
List Combinations
Given two source lists (or sets), generate a list (or set) of all the pairs derived by combining elements from the individual lists (sets). E.g. given suites =
['H', 'D', 'C', 'S'] and faces = ['2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '10', 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A'], generate the deck of 52 cards, confirm the deck size and check it contains an expected card, say 'Ace of Hearts'.
erlang
Cards = lists:foldl(fun (Suite, Acc) -> Acc ++ lists:flatmap(fun (Face) -> [{Suite, Face}] end, Faces) end, [], Suites),
io:format("Deck has ~B cards~n", [length(Cards)]),
IsMember = lists:member({h, 'A'}, Cards),
io:format("~s~n", [if IsMember -> "Deck contains 'Ace of Hearts'" ; true -> "'Ace of Hearts' not in deck" end]),
io:format("Deck has ~B cards~n", [length(Cards)]),
IsMember = lists:member({h, 'A'}, Cards),
io:format("~s~n", [if IsMember -> "Deck contains 'Ace of Hearts'" ; true -> "'Ace of Hearts' not in deck" end]),
Cards = sofs:to_external(sofs:product(sofs:set(Suites), sofs:set(Faces))),
io:format("Deck has ~B cards~n", [length(Cards)]),
IsMember = lists:member({h, 'A'}, Cards),
io:format("~s~n", [if IsMember -> "Deck contains 'Ace of Hearts'" ; true -> "'Ace of Hearts' not in deck" end]),
io:format("Deck has ~B cards~n", [length(Cards)]),
IsMember = lists:member({h, 'A'}, Cards),
io:format("~s~n", [if IsMember -> "Deck contains 'Ace of Hearts'" ; true -> "'Ace of Hearts' not in deck" end]),
Deck2 = [{S, V} || S <- [d, c, h, s], V <- [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 'J', 'Q', 'K', 'A']],
52 = length(Deck2),
true = lists:member({h, 'A'}, Deck2).
52 = length(Deck2),
true = lists:member({h, 'A'}, Deck2).
java
SortedSet<AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, String> > cards =
new TreeSet<AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, String> >(new CardComparator());
for (String suite : suites)
for (String face : faces)
cards.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, String>(suite, face));
Boolean containsEntry = cards.contains(new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, String>("h", "A"));
if (containsEntry) System.out.println("Deck contains 'Ace of Hearts'");
else System.out.println("'Ace of Hearts' not in deck");
new TreeSet<AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, String> >(new CardComparator());
for (String suite : suites)
for (String face : faces)
cards.add(new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, String>(suite, face));
Boolean containsEntry = cards.contains(new AbstractMap.SimpleImmutableEntry<String, String>("h", "A"));
if (containsEntry) System.out.println("Deck contains 'Ace of Hearts'");
else System.out.println("'Ace of Hearts' not in deck");
Perform an operation on every item of a list
Perform an operation on every item of a list, e.g.
for the list
the list of sizes of the strings, e.g.
for the list
["ox", "cat", "deer", "whale"] calculate
the list of sizes of the strings, e.g.
[2, 3, 4, 5]
erlang
lists:map(fun (X) ->length(X) end, List).
java
public class SolutionXX {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] list = {"ox", "cat", "deer", "whale"};
for (String str : list) {
System.out.println(str.length() + " ");
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] list = {"ox", "cat", "deer", "whale"};
for (String str : list) {
System.out.println(str.length() + " ");
}
}
}
Split a list of things into numbers and non-numbers
Given a list that might contain e.g. a string, an integer, a float and a date,
split the list into numbers and non-numbers.
split the list into numbers and non-numbers.
erlang
% Wrapped call to the auxiliary function
number_split(Xs) ->
number_split(Xs, [], []).
% The auxiliary function
number_split([], Num, NonNum) ->
{Num, NonNum};
number_split([X|Xs], Num, NonNum) ->
case is_number(X) of
true ->
number_split(Xs, [X|Num], NonNum);
false ->
number_split(Xs, Num, [X|NonNum])
end.
number_split(Xs) ->
number_split(Xs, [], []).
% The auxiliary function
number_split([], Num, NonNum) ->
{Num, NonNum};
number_split([X|Xs], Num, NonNum) ->
case is_number(X) of
true ->
number_split(Xs, [X|Num], NonNum);
false ->
number_split(Xs, Num, [X|NonNum])
end.
List = ["hello", 25, 3.14, calendar:local_time()],
{Numbers, NonNumbers} = lists:partition(fun(E) -> is_number(E) end, List)
{Numbers, NonNumbers} = lists:partition(fun(E) -> is_number(E) end, List)
java
public class NumbersSolution {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Object> items = Arrays.asList(new Object[] { new Date(), 12L, 15.4, 99, "x" } ) ;
List<Object> numbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
List<Object> nonNumbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
for (Object item : items )
(item instanceof Number ? numbers : nonNumbers).add(item) ;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Object> items = Arrays.asList(new Object[] { new Date(), 12L, 15.4, 99, "x" } ) ;
List<Object> numbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
List<Object> nonNumbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
for (Object item : items )
(item instanceof Number ? numbers : nonNumbers).add(item) ;
}
}
public class NumbersSolution {
public static void main() {
List<Object> numbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
List<Object> nonNumbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
for (Object item : new Object[] { new Date(), 12L, 15.4, 99, "x" } )
(item instanceof Number ? numbers : nonNumbers).add(item) ;
}
}
public static void main() {
List<Object> numbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
List<Object> nonNumbers = new ArrayList<Object>() ;
for (Object item : new Object[] { new Date(), 12L, 15.4, 99, "x" } )
(item instanceof Number ? numbers : nonNumbers).add(item) ;
}
}
Define an empty map
erlang
Map = dict:new(),
Map = orddict:new(),
Map = gb_trees:empty(),
Map = ets:new(the_map_name, [set, private, {keypos, 1}]),
java
Map map = new HashMap();
Define an unmodifiable empty map
erlang
% Erlang data structures are immutable - updating a 'map' sees a modified copy created
Map = dict:new(),
% Erlang data structures are immutable - updating a 'map' sees a modified copy created
Map = dict:new(),
java
Map empty = Collections.EMPTY_MAP;
SortedMap empty = MapUtils.EMPTY_SORTED_MAP;
Define an initial map
Define the map
{circle:1, triangle:3, square:4}
erlang
Map = dict:from_list([{circle, 1}, {triangle, 3}, {square, 4}]),
Map0 = dict:new(),
% Erlang variables are 'single-assignment' i.e. they cannot be reassigned
Map1 = dict:store(circle, 1, Map0),
Map2 = dict:store(triangle, 3, Map1),
Map3 = dict:store(square, 4, Map2),
% Erlang variables are 'single-assignment' i.e. they cannot be reassigned
Map1 = dict:store(circle, 1, Map0),
Map2 = dict:store(triangle, 3, Map1),
Map3 = dict:store(square, 4, Map2),
Map0 = gb_trees:empty(),
Map1 = gb_trees:enter(circle, 1, Map0),
Map2 = gb_trees:enter(triangle, 3, Map1),
Map3 = gb_trees:enter(square, 4, Map2),
Map1 = gb_trees:enter(circle, 1, Map0),
Map2 = gb_trees:enter(triangle, 3, Map1),
Map3 = gb_trees:enter(square, 4, Map2),
Map = gb_trees:from_orddict(lists:keysort(1, [{circle, 1}, {triangle, 3}, {square, 4}])),
Map = ets:new(the_map_name, [ordered_set, private, {keypos, 1}]),
ets:insert(Map, [{circle, 1}, {triangle, 3}, {square, 4}]),
ets:insert(Map, [{circle, 1}, {triangle, 3}, {square, 4}]),
java
Map shapes = new HashMap();
shapes.put("circle", 1);
shapes.put("triangle", 3);
shapes.put("square", 4);
shapes.put("circle", 1);
shapes.put("triangle", 3);
shapes.put("square", 4);
Map shapes = new HashMap() {{ put("circle",1); put("triangle",3); put("square",4); }}
Check if a key exists in a map
Given a map pets
{joe:cat,mary:turtle,bill:canary} print "ok" if an pet exists for "mary"
erlang
dict:is_key(mary, Pets) andalso begin io:format("ok~n"), true end.
IsMember = ets:member(Pets, mary), if (IsMember) -> io:format("ok~n") ; true -> false end.
case gb_trees:lookup(mary, Pets) of none -> false ; _ -> io:format("ok~n") end.
java
if (pets.containsKey("mary")) System.out.println("ok");
Retrieve a value from a map
Given a map pets
{joe:cat,mary:turtle,bill:canary} print the pet for "joe" ("cat")
erlang
dict:is_key(joe, Pets) andalso begin io:format("~w~n", [dict:fetch(joe, Pets)]), true end.
case dict:find(joe, Pets) of error -> false ; {ok, Pet} -> io:format("~w~n", [Pet]) end.
IsMember = ets:member(Pets, joe), if (IsMember) -> io:format("~w~n", [ets:lookup_element(Pets, joe, 2)]) ; true -> false end.
case ets:match(Pets, {joe, '$1'}) of [] -> false ; [[Pet]] -> io:format("~w~n", [Pet]) end.
case gb_trees:lookup(joe, Pets) of none -> false ; {value, Pet} -> io:format("~w~n", [Pet]) end.
java
String pet = pets.get("joe");
Add an entry to a map
Given an empty pets map, add the mapping from
"rob" to "dog"
erlang
Pets1 = dict:store(rob, dog, Pets0).
ets:insert(Pets, {rob, dog}).
Pets1 = gb_trees:enter(rob, dog, Pets0).
java
pets.put("rob", "dog");
Remove an entry from a map
Given a map pets
{joe:cat,mary:turtle,bill:canary} remove the mapping for "bill" and print "canary"
erlang
Pet = dict:fetch(bill, Pets0), Pets1 = dict:erase(bill, Pets0), io:format("~w~n", [Pet]),
Pet = ets:lookup_element(Pets, bill, 2), ets:delete(Pets, bill), io:format("~w~n", [Pet]),
{value, Pet} = gb_trees:lookup(bill, Pets0), Pets1 = gb_trees:delete(bill, Pets0), io:format("~w~n", [Pet]),
java
System.out.println(pets.remove("bill"))
Create a histogram map from a list
Given the list
[a,b,a,c,b,b], produce a map {a:2, b:3, c:1} which contains the count of each unique item in the list
erlang
% Imperative Solution
Histogram = histogram(List),
Histogram = histogram(List),
% Functional (1) Solution
Histogram = histogram(List),
Histogram = histogram(List),
lists:foldl(fun(Elem, OldDict) ->
dict:update_counter(Elem, 1, OldDict)
end,
dict:new(),
[a,b,a,c,b,b])).
dict:update_counter(Elem, 1, OldDict)
end,
dict:new(),
[a,b,a,c,b,b])).
java
Map map = new HashMap();
for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String s = (String) it.next();
if (!map.containsKey(s)) {
map.put(s, new Integer(1));
} else {
map.put(s, new Integer(((Integer)map.get(s)).intValue() + 1));
}
}
for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
String s = (String) it.next();
if (!map.containsKey(s)) {
map.put(s, new Integer(1));
} else {
map.put(s, new Integer(((Integer)map.get(s)).intValue() + 1));
}
}
LinkedMap histogram = new LinkedMap();
for (Object letter : list)
histogram.put(letter, !histogram.containsKey(letter) ? 1 : MapUtils.getIntValue(histogram, letter) + 1);
for (Object letter : list)
histogram.put(letter, !histogram.containsKey(letter) ? 1 : MapUtils.getIntValue(histogram, letter) + 1);
Categorise a list
Given the list
[one, two, three, four, five] produce a map {3:[one, two], 4:[four, five], 5:[three]} which sorts elements into map entries based on their length
erlang
% Imperative Solution
CatList = categorise(List),
CatList = categorise(List),
% Functional (1) Solution
CatList = categorise(List),
CatList = categorise(List),
java
SortedMap<Integer, List<String> > map = new TreeMap<Integer, List<String> >(); int key; List<String> vlist;
for (String item : list)
{
key = item.length(); vlist = map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : new ArrayList<String>();
vlist.add(item); map.put(key, vlist);
}
for (String item : list)
{
key = item.length(); vlist = map.containsKey(key) ? map.get(key) : new ArrayList<String>();
vlist.add(item); map.put(key, vlist);
}
MultiValueMap map = new MultiValueMap();
for (Object item : list) map.put(((String) item).length(), item);
for (Object item : list) map.put(((String) item).length(), item);
Perform an action if a condition is true (IF .. THEN)
Given a variable name, if the value is
"Bob", display the string "Hello, Bob!". Perform no action if the name is not equal.
erlang
if (Name == "Bob") -> io:format("Hello, ~s!~n", [Name]) ; true -> false end.
case Name of "Bob" -> io:format("Hello, ~s!~n", [Name]) ; _ -> false end.
Name == "Bob" andalso (begin io:format("Hello, ~s!~n", [Name]), true end).
java
if (name.equals("Bob")) {
System.out.println("Hello, Bob!");
}
System.out.println("Hello, Bob!");
}
Perform different actions depending on a boolean condition (IF .. THEN .. ELSE)
Given a variable age, if the value is greater than 42 display
"You are old", otherwise display "You are young"
erlang
if Age > 42 -> io:format("You are old~n") ; true -> io:format("You are young~n") end.
Message = if Age > 42 -> "old" ; true -> "young" end, io:format("You are ~s~n", [Message]).
case Age > 42 of true -> io:format("You are old~n") ; false -> io:format("You are young~n") end.
case Age of _ when Age > 42 -> io:format("You are old~n") ; _ -> io:format("You are young~n") end.
Message = case Age of _ when Age > 42 -> "old" ; _ -> "young" end, io:format("You are ~s~n", [Message]).
Age > 42 andalso (begin io:format("You are old~n"), true end) orelse (begin io:format("You are young~n"), true end).
(fun (X) when X > 42 -> io:format("You are old~n"); (_) -> io:format("You are young~n") end)(Age).
(fun () when Age > 42 -> io:format("You are old~n"); () -> io:format("You are young~n") end)().
io:format("You are ~s~n", [if Age > 42 -> "old" ; true -> "young" end]).
java
if (age > 42) {
System.out.println("You are old");
} else {
System.out.println("You are young");
}
System.out.println("You are old");
} else {
System.out.println("You are young");
}
System.out.println("You are " + ((age>42)?"old":"young"));
Perform different actions depending on several boolean conditions (IF .. THEN .. ELSIF .. ELSE)
erlang
if
Age > 84 -> io:format("You are really ancient~n");
Age > 30 -> io:format("You are middle-aged~n");
true -> io:format("You are young~n")
end.
Age > 84 -> io:format("You are really ancient~n");
Age > 30 -> io:format("You are middle-aged~n");
true -> io:format("You are young~n")
end.
case Age of
_ when Age > 84 -> io:format("You are really ancient~n");
_ when Age > 30 -> io:format("You are middle-aged~n");
true -> io:format("You are young~n")
end.
_ when Age > 84 -> io:format("You are really ancient~n");
_ when Age > 30 -> io:format("You are middle-aged~n");
true -> io:format("You are young~n")
end.
java
if (age > 84) System.out.println("You are really ancient");
else if (age > 30) System.out.println("You are middle-aged");
else System.out.println("You are young");
else if (age > 30) System.out.println("You are middle-aged");
else System.out.println("You are young");
Replacing a conditional with many branches with a switch/case statement
Many languages support more compact forms of branching than just if ... then ... else such as switch or case or match. Use such a form to add an appropriate placing suffix to the numbers 1..40, e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, ..., 11th, 12th, ... 39th, 40th
erlang
Suffix = case Num of
N when N > 10, N < 20 -> "th";
N when N rem 10 =:= 1 -> "st";
N when N rem 10 =:= 2 -> "nd";
N when N rem 10 =:= 3 -> "rd";
_ -> "th"
end,
io_lib:format("~w~s", [Num, Suffix])
N when N > 10, N < 20 -> "th";
N when N rem 10 =:= 1 -> "st";
N when N rem 10 =:= 2 -> "nd";
N when N rem 10 =:= 3 -> "rd";
_ -> "th"
end,
io_lib:format("~w~s", [Num, Suffix])
java
String[] array = new String[40];
for(int n = 1; n <= array.length; n++)
array[n-1] = Integer.toString(n);
for(int n = 0; n < array.length; n++)
{
int y = Integer.parseInt(array[n]);
if(array[n].length() > 1)
y = Integer.parseInt(array[n].substring(1));
switch(y)
{
case 1: {array[n] += "st"; break;}
case 2: {array[n] += "nd"; break;}
case 3: {array[n] += "rd"; break;}
default: array[n] += "th";
}
}
for(int n = 1; n <= array.length; n++)
array[n-1] = Integer.toString(n);
for(int n = 0; n < array.length; n++)
{
int y = Integer.parseInt(array[n]);
if(array[n].length() > 1)
y = Integer.parseInt(array[n].substring(1));
switch(y)
{
case 1: {array[n] += "st"; break;}
case 2: {array[n] += "nd"; break;}
case 3: {array[n] += "rd"; break;}
default: array[n] += "th";
}
}
Perform an action multiple times based on a boolean condition, checked before the first action (WHILE .. DO)
Starting with a variable x=1, Print the sequence
"1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128," by doubling x and checking that x is less than 150.
erlang
X = 1, print_while_X_less_150(X).
Pred = fun (X) -> X < 150 end,
Action = fun (X) -> io:format("~B,", [X]), X * 2 end,
X = 1,
while_do(Pred, Action, X).
Action = fun (X) -> io:format("~B,", [X]), X * 2 end,
X = 1,
while_do(Pred, Action, X).
java
int x = 1;
while (x < 150) {
System.out.println(x+",");
x*=2;
}
while (x < 150) {
System.out.println(x+",");
x*=2;
}
Perform an action multiple times based on a boolean condition, checked after the first action (DO .. WHILE)
Simulate rolling a die until you get a six. Produce random numbers, printing them until a six is rolled. An example output might be
"4,2,1,2,6"
erlang
Pred = fun (DiceRoll) -> DiceRoll =/= 6 end,
Action = fun (DiceRoll) -> io:format("~B,", [DiceRoll]), dice_roll() end,
do_while(Pred, Action, dice_roll()).
Action = fun (DiceRoll) -> io:format("~B,", [DiceRoll]), dice_roll() end,
do_while(Pred, Action, dice_roll()).
-module(dice).
-export([start/0]).
start() ->
roll(dice_roll()).
roll(6) ->
io:format("6~n", []);
roll(N) ->
io:format("~B,", [N]),
roll(dice_roll()).
dice_roll() -> random:uniform(6).
-export([start/0]).
start() ->
roll(dice_roll()).
roll(6) ->
io:format("6~n", []);
roll(N) ->
io:format("~B,", [N]),
roll(dice_roll()).
dice_roll() -> random:uniform(6).
java
int rnd;
do {
rnd = (int)(Math.random()*6)+1;
System.out.print(rnd);
if (rnd!=6) {
System.out.print(",");
}
} while(rnd!=6);
do {
rnd = (int)(Math.random()*6)+1;
System.out.print(rnd);
if (rnd!=6) {
System.out.print(",");
}
} while(rnd!=6);
Perform an action a fixed number of times (FOR)
Display the string
"Hello" five times like "HelloHelloHelloHelloHello"
erlang
dotimes(5, fun () -> io:format("Hello") end).
lists:foreach(fun (_) -> io:format("Hello") end, lists:seq(1, 5)).
java
for(int i=0;i<5;i++) {
System.out.print("Hello");
}
System.out.print("Hello");
}
Perform an action a fixed number of times with a counter
Display the string
"10 .. 9 .. 8 .. 7 .. 6 .. 5 .. 4 .. 3 .. 2 .. 1 .. Liftoff!"
erlang
fromto(10, 1, -1, fun (X) -> io:format("~B .. ", [X]) end), io:format("Liftoff!~n").
lists:foreach(fun (X) -> io:format("~B .. ", [X]) end, lists:seq(10, 1, -1)), io:format("Liftoff!~n").
java
for(int i=10; i>=1; i--) {
System.out.print(i + " .. ");
}
System.out.print("Liftoff!");
System.out.print(i + " .. ");
}
System.out.print("Liftoff!");
Read the contents of a file into a string
erlang
Text = readfile("Solution607.erl"),
Text = readfile("Solution608.erl"),
java
String text = FileUtils.readFileToString(new File("Solution109.java"), "UTF-8");
RandomAccessFile raf = null; byte[] buffer; String text = null;
try
{
raf = new RandomAccessFile("Solution399.java", "r");
buffer = new byte[(int)raf.length()]; raf.read(buffer);
text = new String(buffer);
}
try
{
raf = new RandomAccessFile("Solution399.java", "r");
buffer = new byte[(int)raf.length()]; raf.read(buffer);
text = new String(buffer);
}
Process a file one line at a time
Open the source file to your solution and print each line in the file, prefixed by the line number, like:
1> First line of file
2> Second line of file
3> Third line of file
1> First line of file
2> Second line of file
3> Third line of file
erlang
Reader = fun (IODevice) -> io:get_line(IODevice, "") end,
Worker = fun (Line, N) -> io:format("~B> ~s", [N, Line]), N + 1 end,
while_not_eof("Solution609.erl", Reader, Worker, 1).
Worker = fun (Line, N) -> io:format("~B> ~s", [N, Line]), N + 1 end,
while_not_eof("Solution609.erl", Reader, Worker, 1).
Reader = fun (Filename) -> {ok, Contents} = file:read_file(Filename), Contents end,
Transformer = fun (Line, N) -> string:concat(string:concat(integer_to_list(N), "> "), Line) end,
Printer = fun (Line) -> io:format("~s~n", [Line]) end,
Lines = string:tokens(binary_to_list(Reader("Solution610.erl")), "\n"),
NewLines = lists:zipwith(Transformer, Lines, lists:seq(1, length(Lines))),
lists:foreach(Printer, NewLines).
Transformer = fun (Line, N) -> string:concat(string:concat(integer_to_list(N), "> "), Line) end,
Printer = fun (Line) -> io:format("~s~n", [Line]) end,
Lines = string:tokens(binary_to_list(Reader("Solution610.erl")), "\n"),
NewLines = lists:zipwith(Transformer, Lines, lists:seq(1, length(Lines))),
lists:foreach(Printer, NewLines).
java
BufferedReader br = null;
try {
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("Solution104.java"));
String line = null;
int lineNumber = 1;
while ((line=br.readLine())!=null) {
System.out.println(lineNumber + "> " + line);
lineNumber++;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (br!=null) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// ok
}
}
}
try {
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("Solution104.java"));
String line = null;
int lineNumber = 1;
while ((line=br.readLine())!=null) {
System.out.println(lineNumber + "> " + line);
lineNumber++;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
if (br!=null) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
// ok
}
}
}
LineNumberReader lnr = null; PrintWriter pw = null; String line;
try
{
lnr = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader("Solution400.java"));
pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
while ((line = lnr.readLine()) != null) pw.printf("%d> %s\n", lnr.getLineNumber(), line);
}
try
{
lnr = new LineNumberReader(new FileReader("Solution400.java"));
pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
while ((line = lnr.readLine()) != null) pw.printf("%d> %s\n", lnr.getLineNumber(), line);
}
Write a string to a file
erlang
Line = "This line overwites file contents!\n",
{ok, IODevice} = file:open("test.txt", [write]), file:write(IODevice, Line), file:close(IODevice).
{ok, IODevice} = file:open("test.txt", [write]), file:write(IODevice, Line), file:close(IODevice).
java
FileWriter fw = null;
try
{
fw = new FileWriter("test.txt");
fw.write("This line overwites file contents!");
}
try
{
fw = new FileWriter("test.txt");
fw.write("This line overwites file contents!");
}
PrintWriter pw = null;
try
{
pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("test.txt")));
pw.print("This line overwites file contents!");
}
try
{
pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("test.txt")));
pw.print("This line overwites file contents!");
}
Append to a file
erlang
Line = "This line appended to file!\n",
{ok, IODevice} = file:open("test.txt", [append]), file:write(IODevice, Line), file:close(IODevice).
{ok, IODevice} = file:open("test.txt", [append]), file:write(IODevice, Line), file:close(IODevice).
java
FileWriter fw = null;
try
{
fw = new FileWriter("test.txt", true);
fw.write("This line appended to file!");
}
try
{
fw = new FileWriter("test.txt", true);
fw.write("This line appended to file!");
}
PrintWriter pw = null;
try
{
pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("test.txt", true)));
pw.print("This line appended to file!");
}
try
{
pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("test.txt", true)));
pw.print("This line appended to file!");
}
Process each file in a directory
erlang
% File basenames only - many tasks require absolute paths to work
lists:foreach(fun (FileOrDirPath) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath) end, file:list_dir(Directory)).
lists:foreach(fun (FileOrDirPath) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath) end, file:list_dir(Directory)).
% Absolute paths provided - will accomodate most tasks
lists:foreach(fun (FileOrDirPath) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath) end, list_dir_path(Directory)).
lists:foreach(fun (FileOrDirPath) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath) end, list_dir_path(Directory)).
java
for (File file : (new File("c:\\")).listFiles()) process(file);
Process each file in a directory recursively
erlang
filelib:fold_files(Directory, ".*", true, fun (FileOrDirPath, Acc) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath), Acc end, []).
process_dir(Directory, Worker).
java
processDirectory(new File("c:\\"));
Parse a date and time from a string
Given the string
"2008-05-06 13:29", parse it as a date representing 6th March, 2008 1:29:00pm in the local time zone.
erlang
% AFAIK, no datetime-parsing library exists; 'parse_to_datetime' is a simplistic, problem-specific hack
LocalDateTime = erlang:universaltime_to_localtime(parse_to_datetime("2008-05-06 13:29:34")),
LocalDateTime = erlang:universaltime_to_localtime(parse_to_datetime("2008-05-06 13:29:34")),
java
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
Date date = df.parse("2008-05-06 13:29");
Date date = df.parse("2008-05-06 13:29");
DateTimeFormatter fmt = DateTimeFormat.forPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
DateTime dt = fmt.parseDateTime("2008-05-06 13:29");
DateTime dt = fmt.parseDateTime("2008-05-06 13:29");
Display the current date and time
Create a Date object representing the current date and time. Print it out.
If you can also do this without creating a Date object you can show that too.
If you can also do this without creating a Date object you can show that too.
erlang
io:format("~p~n", [calendar:local_time()])
java
import java.util.Date;
public class SolutionXX {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date now = new Date();
System.out.println(now.toString());
}
}
public class SolutionXX {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date now = new Date();
System.out.println(now.toString());
}
}
Define a class
Declare a class named Greeter that takes a string on creation and greets using this string if you call the
"greet" method.
erlang
Greeter = make_greeter("world!"),
Greeter(greet).
Greeter(greet).
java
class Greeter
{
public Greeter(String whom) { this.whom = whom; }
public void greet() { System.out.printf("Hello, %s\n", whom); }
private String whom;
}
public class Solution381 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
(new Greeter("world")).greet();
}
}
{
public Greeter(String whom) { this.whom = whom; }
public void greet() { System.out.printf("Hello, %s\n", whom); }
private String whom;
}
public class Solution381 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
(new Greeter("world")).greet();
}
}
Check your language appears on the langref.org site
Your language name should appear within the HTML found at the http:
//langreg.org main page.
erlang
URL = "http://langref.org/", Language = "erlang", Regexp = ".*" ++ URL ++ Language ++ ".*",
case http:request(URL) of
{ok, {_, _, Body}} ->
case regexp:first_match(Body, Regexp) of
{match, _, _} -> io:format("Language ~s exists @ ~s~n", [Language, URL]);
_ -> false
end;
{error, ErrorInfo} -> throw("Error: " ++ http:format_error(ErrorInfo))
end,
case http:request(URL) of
{ok, {_, _, Body}} ->
case regexp:first_match(Body, Regexp) of
{match, _, _} -> io:format("Language ~s exists @ ~s~n", [Language, URL]);
_ -> false
end;
{error, ErrorInfo} -> throw("Error: " ++ http:format_error(ErrorInfo))
end,
java
String url = "http://langref.org/", language = "java", line = null, regexp = ".*" + url + language + ".*";
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((new URL(url)).openStream()));
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
if (line.matches(regexp)) { System.out.printf("Language %s exists @ %s\n", language, url); break; }
in.close();
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((new URL(url)).openStream()));
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
if (line.matches(regexp)) { System.out.printf("Language %s exists @ %s\n", language, url); break; }
in.close();
Process an XML document
Given the XML Document:
<shopping>
<item name=
<item name=
</shopping>
Print out the total cost of the items, e.g. $14.50
<shopping>
<item name=
"bread" quantity="3" price="2.50"/>
<item name=
"milk" quantity="2" price="3.50"/>
</shopping>
Print out the total cost of the items, e.g. $14.50
erlang
-include_lib("xmerl/include/xmerl.hrl").
-export([get_total/1]).
get_total(ShoppingList) ->
{XmlElt, _} = xmerl_scan:string(ShoppingList),
Items = xmerl_xpath:string("/shopping/item", XmlElt),
Total = lists:foldl(fun(Item, Tot) ->
[#xmlAttribute{value = PriceString}] = xmerl_xpath:string("/item/@price", Item),
{Price, _} = string:to_float(PriceString),
[#xmlAttribute{value = QuantityString}] = xmerl_xpath:string("/item/@quantity", Item),
{Quantity, _} = string:to_integer(QuantityString),
Tot + Price*Quantity
end,
0, Items),
io:format("$~.2f~n", [Total]).
-export([get_total/1]).
get_total(ShoppingList) ->
{XmlElt, _} = xmerl_scan:string(ShoppingList),
Items = xmerl_xpath:string("/shopping/item", XmlElt),
Total = lists:foldl(fun(Item, Tot) ->
[#xmlAttribute{value = PriceString}] = xmerl_xpath:string("/item/@price", Item),
{Price, _} = string:to_float(PriceString),
[#xmlAttribute{value = QuantityString}] = xmerl_xpath:string("/item/@quantity", Item),
{Quantity, _} = string:to_integer(QuantityString),
Tot + Price*Quantity
end,
0, Items),
io:format("$~.2f~n", [Total]).
java
// solution uses JAXP and SAX included in Java API since version >= 1.5
class ShoppingContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {
Double priceSum = 0d;
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String name,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if(name.equals("item")) {
String quantityString = attributes.getValue(attributes.getIndex("quantity"));
String priceString = attributes.getValue(attributes.getIndex("price"));
Integer quantity = Integer.parseInt(quantityString);
Double price = Double.parseDouble(priceString);
priceSum += (quantity * price);
}
}
public Double getPriceSum() {
return priceSum;
}
}
SAXParserFactory parserFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
SAXParser parser = parserFactory.newSAXParser();
XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader();
ShoppingContentHandler contentHandler = new ShoppingContentHandler();
reader.setContentHandler(contentHandler);
reader.parse(new InputSource(new FileReader("shopping.xml")));
System.out.printf("$%.2f", contentHandler.getPriceSum());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
class ShoppingContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {
Double priceSum = 0d;
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String name,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
if(name.equals("item")) {
String quantityString = attributes.getValue(attributes.getIndex("quantity"));
String priceString = attributes.getValue(attributes.getIndex("price"));
Integer quantity = Integer.parseInt(quantityString);
Double price = Double.parseDouble(priceString);
priceSum += (quantity * price);
}
}
public Double getPriceSum() {
return priceSum;
}
}
SAXParserFactory parserFactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
SAXParser parser = parserFactory.newSAXParser();
XMLReader reader = parser.getXMLReader();
ShoppingContentHandler contentHandler = new ShoppingContentHandler();
reader.setContentHandler(contentHandler);
reader.parse(new InputSource(new FileReader("shopping.xml")));
System.out.printf("$%.2f", contentHandler.getPriceSum());
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
create some XML programmatically
Given the following CSV:
bread,3,2.50
milk,2,3.50
Produce the equivalent information in XML, e.g.:
<shopping>
<item name=
<item name=
</shopping>
bread,3,2.50
milk,2,3.50
Produce the equivalent information in XML, e.g.:
<shopping>
<item name=
"bread" quantity="3" price="2.50" />
<item name=
"milk" quantity="2" price="3.50" />
</shopping>
erlang
to_xml(ShoppingList) ->
Items = lists:map(fun(L) ->
[Name, Quantity, Price] = string:tokens(L, ","),
{item, [{name, Name}, {quantity, Quantity}, {price, Price}], []}
end, string:tokens(ShoppingList, "\n")),
xmerl:export_simple([{shopping, [], Items}], xmerl_xml).
Items = lists:map(fun(L) ->
[Name, Quantity, Price] = string:tokens(L, ","),
{item, [{name, Name}, {quantity, Quantity}, {price, Price}], []}
end, string:tokens(ShoppingList, "\n")),
xmerl:export_simple([{shopping, [], Items}], xmerl_xml).
java
// In this solution JAXB is used to created the xml output.
// JAXB is included in Java 1.6. Runs with 1.5 if you include JAXB Jars
// in the classpath.
class Item {
// Of course you use getters and setters and declare attributes private.
// In this sample a "dirty" way is chosen to keep LOC low.
@XmlAttribute
String name;
@XmlAttribute
Integer quantity;
@XmlAttribute
Double price;
}
@XmlRootElement
class Shopping {
@XmlElement
Set<Item> items = new HashSet<Item>();
}
String line = null;
Shopping shopping = new Shopping();
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("shopping.csv"));
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
String[] parts = line.split(",");
Item item = new Item();
item.name = parts[0];
item.quantity = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
item.price = Double.parseDouble(parts[2]);
shopping.items.add(item);
}
JAXB.marshal(shopping, "D:" + File.separatorChar + "shopping.auto.xml");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// JAXB is included in Java 1.6. Runs with 1.5 if you include JAXB Jars
// in the classpath.
class Item {
// Of course you use getters and setters and declare attributes private.
// In this sample a "dirty" way is chosen to keep LOC low.
@XmlAttribute
String name;
@XmlAttribute
Integer quantity;
@XmlAttribute
Double price;
}
@XmlRootElement
class Shopping {
@XmlElement
Set<Item> items = new HashSet<Item>();
}
String line = null;
Shopping shopping = new Shopping();
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("shopping.csv"));
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
String[] parts = line.split(",");
Item item = new Item();
item.name = parts[0];
item.quantity = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
item.price = Double.parseDouble(parts[2]);
shopping.items.add(item);
}
JAXB.marshal(shopping, "D:" + File.separatorChar + "shopping.auto.xml");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Find all Pythagorean triangles with length or height less than or equal to 20
Pythagorean triangles are right angle triangles whose sides comply with the following equation:
a * a + b * b = c * c
where c represents the length of the hypotenuse, and a and b represent the lengths of the other two sides. Find all such triangles where a, b and c are non-zero integers with a and b less than or equal to 20. Sort your results by the size of the hypotenuse. The expected answer is:
a * a + b * b = c * c
where c represents the length of the hypotenuse, and a and b represent the lengths of the other two sides. Find all such triangles where a, b and c are non-zero integers with a and b less than or equal to 20. Sort your results by the size of the hypotenuse. The expected answer is:
[3, 4, 5]
[6, 8, 10]
[5, 12, 13]
[9, 12, 15]
[8, 15, 17]
[12, 16, 20]
[15, 20, 25]
erlang
find_all_pythagorean_triangles(L) ->
lists:sort(fun({_, _, H1}, {_, _, H2}) -> H1 =< H2 end,
[ { X, Y, Z } ||
X <- lists:seq(1,L),
Y <- lists:seq(1,L),
Z <- lists:seq(1,2*L),
X*X + Y*Y =:= Z*Z,
Y > X,
Z > Y
]).
main(_) ->
List = find_all_pythagorean_triangles(20).
lists:sort(fun({_, _, H1}, {_, _, H2}) -> H1 =< H2 end,
[ { X, Y, Z } ||
X <- lists:seq(1,L),
Y <- lists:seq(1,L),
Z <- lists:seq(1,2*L),
X*X + Y*Y =:= Z*Z,
Y > X,
Z > Y
]).
main(_) ->
List = find_all_pythagorean_triangles(20).
java
SortedSet<List<Integer>> results = new TreeSet<List<Integer>>(new Comparator<List<Integer>>() {
public int compare(List<Integer> o1, List<Integer> o2) {
return o1.get(2).compareTo(o2.get(2));
}
});
for (int x = 1; x <= 20; x++) {
for (int y = 1; y <= 20; y++) {
double z = Math.hypot(x, y) ;
if ((int) z == z)
results.add(Arrays.asList( new Integer[] { x, y, (int) z }));
}
}
public int compare(List<Integer> o1, List<Integer> o2) {
return o1.get(2).compareTo(o2.get(2));
}
});
for (int x = 1; x <= 20; x++) {
for (int y = 1; y <= 20; y++) {
double z = Math.hypot(x, y) ;
if ((int) z == z)
results.add(Arrays.asList( new Integer[] { x, y, (int) z }));
}
}
Greatest Common Divisor
Find the largest positive integer that divides two given numbers without a remainder. For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4.
erlang
-module(gcd).
-export([gcd/2]).
gcd(A, 0) -> A;
gcd(A, B) -> gcd(B, A rem B).
-export([gcd/2]).
gcd(A, 0) -> A;
gcd(A, B) -> gcd(B, A rem B).
java
static int gcd(int a, int b) {
if (Math.min(a, b) == 0)
return Math.max(a, b);
else
return gcd(Math.min(a, b), Math.abs(a - b));
}
if (Math.min(a, b) == 0)
return Math.max(a, b);
else
return gcd(Math.min(a, b), Math.abs(a - b));
}
Create a multithreaded "Hello World"
Create a program which outputs the string
Example:
-Output-
Thread one says Hello World!
Thread two says Hello World!
Thread four says Hello World!
Thread three says Hello World!
-Notice that the threads can print in any order.
"Hello World" to the console, multiple times, using separate threads or processes.
Example:
-Output-
Thread one says Hello World!
Thread two says Hello World!
Thread four says Hello World!
Thread three says Hello World!
-Notice that the threads can print in any order.
erlang
-module(spam).
-export([spam/1]).
spam(N) when N<5 ->
spawn(fun() -> io:format("Hello World from thread ~p~n",[N]) end),
spam(N+1);
spam(_) -> void.
-export([spam/1]).
spam(N) when N<5 ->
spawn(fun() -> io:format("Hello World from thread ~p~n",[N]) end),
spam(N+1);
spam(_) -> void.
java
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
final int nr = i ;
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread " + new String[] { "one", "two", "three", "four" }[nr] + " says Hello World!");
}
}).start();
}
final int nr = i ;
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread " + new String[] { "one", "two", "three", "four" }[nr] + " says Hello World!");
}
}).start();
}
