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Output a string to the console
Write the string
"Hello World!" to STDOUT
java
System.out.println("Hello World!");
System.out.printf("Hello World!\n");
csharp
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!")
erlang
io:format("Hello, World!~n").
Retrieve a string containing ampersands from the variables in a url
My PHP script first does a query to obtain customer info for a form. The form has first name and last name fields among others. The customer has put entries such as
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
"Ron & Jean" in the first name field in the database. Then the edit form script is called with variables such as
"http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron & Jean&lname=Smith".
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
['firstname'] never gets beyond the "Ron" value because of the ampersand in the data.
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
"http://myserver/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname="Ronxxnbsp;xxamp;xxnbsp;Jean"&lname=SMITH". (sorry I had to add the xx to replace the ampersand or it didn't display meaningful url contents the browser sees.)
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
java
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("mode", "view");
params.put("fname", "Ron & Jean");
params.put("lname", "Smith");
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
buffer.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"))
.append("=")
.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
}
System.out.println(buffer.toString());
params.put("mode", "view");
params.put("fname", "Ron & Jean");
params.put("lname", "Smith");
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
buffer.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8"))
.append("=")
.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
}
System.out.println(buffer.toString());
erlang
% encode ampersand in your string using %XX where XX is hex code for ampersand
% optionally encode spaces for completeness sake to keep URL solid
URL = "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron%20%26%20Jean&lname=Smith",
{_, Query} = string:tokens(URL, "?"),
KeyValuePairs = string:tokens(Query, "&"),...
% optionally encode spaces for completeness sake to keep URL solid
URL = "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron%20%26%20Jean&lname=Smith",
{_, Query} = string:tokens(URL, "?"),
KeyValuePairs = string:tokens(Query, "&"),...
string-wrap
Wrap the string
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> "
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
java
public class SolutionXX {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
String words = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
builder.append(words);
}
String toWrap = builder.toString();
int width = 76;
while (toWrap!=null && toWrap.length()>0)
{
String first = toWrap.length() > width ? toWrap.substring(0, width+1) : toWrap;
toWrap = (!toWrap.equals(first)) ? toWrap.substring(width + 1).trim() : null;
System.out.println("> " + first);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
String words = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
builder.append(words);
}
String toWrap = builder.toString();
int width = 76;
while (toWrap!=null && toWrap.length()>0)
{
String first = toWrap.length() > width ? toWrap.substring(0, width+1) : toWrap;
toWrap = (!toWrap.equals(first)) ? toWrap.substring(width + 1).trim() : null;
System.out.println("> " + first);
}
}
}
erlang
wrapper(String, Times, Length) ->
StrList = lists:reverse(formatter(string:copies(String, Times), Length, [])),
lists:foreach(fun(Str) -> io:format("~p~n", [Str]) end, StrList).
formatter([], _Length, Acc) -> Acc;
formatter(String, Length, Acc) when length(String) > Length - 1->
{Head, Tail} = lists:split(Length - 1, String),
formatter(string:strip(Tail), Length, [[$>, $ | Head] | Acc]);
formatter(String, Length, Acc) ->
formatter([], Length, [[$>, $ | String] | Acc]).
StrList = lists:reverse(formatter(string:copies(String, Times), Length, [])),
lists:foreach(fun(Str) -> io:format("~p~n", [Str]) end, StrList).
formatter([], _Length, Acc) -> Acc;
formatter(String, Length, Acc) when length(String) > Length - 1->
{Head, Tail} = lists:split(Length - 1, String),
formatter(string:strip(Tail), Length, [[$>, $ | Head] | Acc]);
formatter(String, Length, Acc) ->
formatter([], Length, [[$>, $ | String] | Acc]).
Define a string containing special characters
Define the literal string
"\#{'}${"}/"
java
String special = "\\#{'}${\"}/";
csharp
string verbatim = @"\#{'}${""""}/";
string cStyle = "\\#{'}${\"\"}/";
string cStyle = "\\#{'}${\"\"}/";
erlang
Special = "\\#{'}\${\"}/",
Define a multiline string
Define the string:
"This
Is
A
Multiline
String"
java
String text = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString";
String text =
"This\n" +
"Is\n" +
"A\n" +
"Multiline\n" +
"String"
"This\n" +
"Is\n" +
"A\n" +
"Multiline\n" +
"String"
csharp
string output = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString";
string output = @"This
Is
A
Multiline
String";
Is
A
Multiline
String";
erlang
Text = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString",
Define a string containing variables and expressions
Given variables a=3 and b=4 output
"3+4=7"
java
System.out.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + (a+b));
System.out.printf("%d+%d=%d\n", a, b, a + b);
csharp
int a = 3;
int b = 4;
Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", a,b,a+b);
int b = 4;
Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", a,b,a+b);
erlang
A = 3, B = 4,
io:format("~B+~B=~B~n", [A, B, (A+B)]).
io:format("~B+~B=~B~n", [A, B, (A+B)]).
Reverse the characters in a string
Given the string
"reverse me", produce the string "em esrever"
java
String reverse = new StringBuffer("reverse me").reverse().toString();
String reverse = new StringBuilder("reverse me").reverse().toString();
String reverse = StringUtils.reverse("reverse me");
csharp
var str = "reverse me";
Console.WriteLine(new String(str.Reverse().ToArray()));
Console.WriteLine(new String(str.Reverse().ToArray()));
erlang
Reversed = lists:reverse("reverse me"),
Reversed = revchars("reverse me"),
Reverse the words in a string
Given the string
"This is a end, my only friend!", produce the string "friend! only my end, the is This"
java
List list = new ArrayList();
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, " ");
while(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
list.add(0, st.nextToken());
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
String word = (String) iterator.next();
sb.append(word);
if (iterator.hasNext()) {
sb.append(" ");
}
}
String reversed = sb.toString();
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(text, " ");
while(st.hasMoreTokens()) {
list.add(0, st.nextToken());
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Iterator iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
String word = (String) iterator.next();
sb.append(word);
if (iterator.hasNext()) {
sb.append(" ");
}
}
String reversed = sb.toString();
List<String> ls = Arrays.asList("This is the end, my only friend!".split("\\s"));
Collections.reverse(ls);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32); for (String s : ls) sb.append(" ").append(s);
String reversed = sb.toString().trim();
Collections.reverse(ls);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32); for (String s : ls) sb.append(" ").append(s);
String reversed = sb.toString().trim();
String reversed = StringUtils.reverseDelimited("This is the end, my only friend!", ' ');
csharp
var str = "This is a end, my only friend!";
str = String.Join(" ", str.Split().Reverse().ToArray());
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = String.Join(" ", str.Split().Reverse().ToArray());
Console.WriteLine(str);
erlang
Reversed = string:join(lists:reverse(string:tokens("This is the end, my only friend!", " ")), " "),
Text wrapping
Wrap the string
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> ", yielding this result:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
java
String prefix = "> "; String input = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
String[] lines = WordUtils.wrap(StringUtils.repeat(input, 10), 72 - prefix.length()).split("\n");
for (String line : lines) System.out.printf("%s%s\n", prefix, line);
String[] lines = WordUtils.wrap(StringUtils.repeat(input, 10), 72 - prefix.length()).split("\n");
for (String line : lines) System.out.printf("%s%s\n", prefix, line);
csharp
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq; // used for Array.ToList() extension
public class TextWrapper {
/// <summary>
/// Wrap the given text to a given width.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="text">The text to be wrapped</param>
/// <param name="width">The maximum width of each line</param>
/// <param name="prefix">Begin each line with this prefix</param>
/// <returns>The wrapped text</returns>
public string Wrap(string text, int width, string prefix) {
var words = text.Split(' ').ToList();
var result = new StringBuilder(prefix);
width = width - prefix.Length;
prefix = "\n" + prefix;
int lineSize = 0;
foreach (var word in words) {
int wordLen = word.Length;
// Do we need to start a new line?
if ((lineSize + wordLen) > width) {
result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1); // remove trailing space
lineSize = 0;
result.Append( prefix );
}
result.Append(word).Append(' ');
lineSize += wordLen + 1;
}
return result.ToString();
}
public static void Main() {
var prefix = "> ";
var sentence = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
var text = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
text += sentence;
// The description said lines of length 78, but
// the example was 72...
Console.WriteLine(new TextWrapper().Wrap(text, 72, prefix));
}
}
using System.Text;
using System.Linq; // used for Array.ToList() extension
public class TextWrapper {
/// <summary>
/// Wrap the given text to a given width.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="text">The text to be wrapped</param>
/// <param name="width">The maximum width of each line</param>
/// <param name="prefix">Begin each line with this prefix</param>
/// <returns>The wrapped text</returns>
public string Wrap(string text, int width, string prefix) {
var words = text.Split(' ').ToList();
var result = new StringBuilder(prefix);
width = width - prefix.Length;
prefix = "\n" + prefix;
int lineSize = 0;
foreach (var word in words) {
int wordLen = word.Length;
// Do we need to start a new line?
if ((lineSize + wordLen) > width) {
result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1); // remove trailing space
lineSize = 0;
result.Append( prefix );
}
result.Append(word).Append(' ');
lineSize += wordLen + 1;
}
return result.ToString();
}
public static void Main() {
var prefix = "> ";
var sentence = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
var text = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
text += sentence;
// The description said lines of length 78, but
// the example was 72...
Console.WriteLine(new TextWrapper().Wrap(text, 72, prefix));
}
}
erlang
TextWrap = textwrap(string:copies(Input, 10), 73 - length(Prefix)),
lists:foreach(fun (Line) -> io:format("~s~n", [string:concat(Prefix, Line)]) end, string:tokens(TextWrap, "\n")).
lists:foreach(fun (Line) -> io:format("~s~n", [string:concat(Prefix, Line)]) end, string:tokens(TextWrap, "\n")).
Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string
Given the string
" hello " return the string "hello".
java
String s = " hello "; String trimmed = s.trim();
csharp
string str = " hello ";
str = str.Trim();
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = str.Trim();
Console.WriteLine(str);
erlang
Trimmed = string:strip(S),
Simple substitution cipher
Take a string and return the ROT13 and ROT47 (Check Wikipedia) version of the string.
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
java
CharArrayWriter rot13 = new CharArrayWriter() ;
for (char c : i ) {
char lc = Character.toLowerCase(c) ;
rot13.append( c += ( (lc >= 'a' && lc <= 'm') ? 13 : ( (lc >= 'n' && lc <= 'z') ? -13 : 0 ) )) ;
}
CharArrayWriter rot47 = new CharArrayWriter() ;
for (char c : i )
rot47.append( c += ( (c >= '!' && c <= 'O') ? 47 : ( (c >= 'P' && c <= '~') ? -47 : 0 ) )) ;
for (char c : i ) {
char lc = Character.toLowerCase(c) ;
rot13.append( c += ( (lc >= 'a' && lc <= 'm') ? 13 : ( (lc >= 'n' && lc <= 'z') ? -13 : 0 ) )) ;
}
CharArrayWriter rot47 = new CharArrayWriter() ;
for (char c : i )
rot47.append( c += ( (c >= '!' && c <= 'O') ? 47 : ( (c >= 'P' && c <= '~') ? -47 : 0 ) )) ;
erlang
rot13(Str) ->
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $A, A =< $Z -> ((A - $A + 13) rem 26) + $A;
A >= $a, A =< $z -> ((A - $a + 13) rem 26) + $a;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
rot47(Str) ->
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $!, A =< $~ ->
((A - $! + 47) rem 94) + $!;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $A, A =< $Z -> ((A - $A + 13) rem 26) + $A;
A >= $a, A =< $z -> ((A - $a + 13) rem 26) + $a;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
rot47(Str) ->
lists:map(fun(A) ->
if
A >= $!, A =< $~ ->
((A - $! + 47) rem 94) + $!;
true -> A
end
end, Str).
Make a string uppercase
Transform
"Space Monkey" into "SPACE MONKEY"
java
String upper = text.toUpperCase();
csharp
string output = "Space Monkey"
System.Console.WriteLine(output.ToUpper())
System.Console.WriteLine(output.ToUpper())
erlang
io:format("~s~n", [string:to_upper("Space Monkey")]).
Make a string lowercase
Transform
"Caps ARE overRated" into "caps are overrated"
java
"Caps ARE overRated".toLowerCase();
csharp
string str = "Caps ARE overRated";
str = str.ToLower() ;
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = str.ToLower() ;
Console.WriteLine(str);
erlang
io:format("~s~n", [string:to_lower("Caps ARE overRated")]).
Capitalise the first letter of each word
Transform
"man OF stEEL" into "Man Of Steel"
java
String input = "man OF stEEL";
StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(input);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
String word = tokenizer.nextToken();
sb.append(word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase());
sb.append(word.substring(1).toLowerCase());
sb.append(' ');
}
String text = sb.toString();
StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(input);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
String word = tokenizer.nextToken();
sb.append(word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase());
sb.append(word.substring(1).toLowerCase());
sb.append(' ');
}
String text = sb.toString();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("man OF stEEL"); String s = sb.toString();
int last = s.length() - 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= last; ++i)
if (Character.isSpaceChar(s.charAt(i)) && i < last) { ++i; sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i))); }
else if (i == 0) sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i)));
else sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(i)));
int last = s.length() - 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= last; ++i)
if (Character.isSpaceChar(s.charAt(i)) && i < last) { ++i; sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i))); }
else if (i == 0) sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(i)));
else sb.setCharAt(i, Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(i)));
Matcher m = Pattern.compile("(\\w+)").matcher("man OF stEEL"); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32), rsb = new StringBuffer(8);
while (m.find())
{
rsb.replace(0, rsb.length(), m.group().toLowerCase()); rsb.setCharAt(0, Character.toUpperCase(rsb.charAt(0)));
m.appendReplacement(sb, rsb.toString());
}
m.appendTail(sb);
while (m.find())
{
rsb.replace(0, rsb.length(), m.group().toLowerCase()); rsb.setCharAt(0, Character.toUpperCase(rsb.charAt(0)));
m.appendReplacement(sb, rsb.toString());
}
m.appendTail(sb);
String text = WordUtils.capitalizeFully("man OF stEEL");
csharp
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase("man OF stEEL".ToLowerInvariant());
erlang
Caps = string:join(lists:map(fun(S) -> to_caps(S) end, string:tokens("man OF stEEL", " ")), " "),
