View Category
Files
Reading

Read the contents of a file into a string

perl
@file = read()
open(my $fh, '<', $path) or die "can't open $path: $!";
$string = do { local $/; <$fh> };
close $fh;
erlang
Text = readfile("Solution607.erl"),
Text = readfile("Solution608.erl"),
cpp
IO::FileStream^ file; String^ buffer;

try
{
file = gcnew IO::FileStream("test.txt", IO::FileMode::Open);
buffer = gcnew String((gcnew IO::BinaryReader(file))->ReadChars(file->Length));
}
IO::StreamReader^ stream; String^ buffer;

try
{
stream = gcnew IO::StreamReader("test.txt");
buffer = stream->ReadToEnd();
}
String^ buffer = IO::File::ReadAllText("test.txt");

Process a file one line at a time

Open the source file to your solution and print each line in the file, prefixed by the line number, like:
1> First line of file
2> Second line of file
3> Third line of file
perl
open(my $fh, '<', $path) or die "can't open $path: $!";
$c = 1;
print $c++ . "> $_" for (<$fh>);
close $fh;
open my $fh, '<', $path or die "Can't open $path: $!";
while (<$fh>) {
print "$.> $_";
}
erlang
Reader = fun (IODevice) -> io:get_line(IODevice, "") end,
Worker = fun (Line, N) -> io:format("~B> ~s", [N, Line]), N + 1 end,

while_not_eof("Solution609.erl", Reader, Worker, 1).
Reader = fun (Filename) -> {ok, Contents} = file:read_file(Filename), Contents end,
Transformer = fun (Line, N) -> string:concat(string:concat(integer_to_list(N), "> "), Line) end,
Printer = fun (Line) -> io:format("~s~n", [Line]) end,

Lines = string:tokens(binary_to_list(Reader("Solution610.erl")), "\n"),
NewLines = lists:zipwith(Transformer, Lines, lists:seq(1, length(Lines))),
lists:foreach(Printer, NewLines).
cpp
IO::StreamReader^ stream; String^ ln; int i = 0;

try
{
stream = gcnew IO::StreamReader("test.txt");
while ((ln = stream->ReadLine())) Console::WriteLine("{0}> {1}", ++i, ln);
}
int i = 0;
for each(String^ line in IO::File::ReadAllLines("test.txt")) Console::WriteLine("{0}> {1}", ++i, line);
Writing

Write a string to a file

perl
open(my $fh, '>', $path) or die "can't open $path: $!";
print $fh "This line overwites file contents!";
close $fh;
erlang
Line = "This line overwites file contents!\n",
{ok, IODevice} = file:open("test.txt", [write]), file:write(IODevice, Line), file:close(IODevice).
cpp
IO::StreamWriter^ stream;

try
{
stream = gcnew IO::StreamWriter("test.txt", false);
stream->WriteLine("This line overwites file contents!");
}

Append to a file

perl
open(my $fh, '>>', $path) or die "can't open $path: $!";
print $fh "This line is appended to the file!";
close $fh;
erlang
Line = "This line appended to file!\n",
{ok, IODevice} = file:open("test.txt", [append]), file:write(IODevice, Line), file:close(IODevice).
cpp
IO::StreamWriter^ stream;

try
{
stream = gcnew IO::StreamWriter("test.txt", true);
stream->WriteLine("This line appended to file!");
}
Directories

Process each file in a directory

perl
use File::Glob;

for (<*>) {
process_file($_) if (-f);
}
erlang
% File basenames only - many tasks require absolute paths to work
lists:foreach(fun (FileOrDirPath) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath) end, file:list_dir(Directory)).
% Absolute paths provided - will accomodate most tasks
lists:foreach(fun (FileOrDirPath) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath) end, list_dir_path(Directory)).
cpp
for each(String^ filename in IO::Directory::GetFiles(dirname)) process(filename);

Process each file in a directory recursively

perl
use File::Glob;

process_directory(".");

sub process_directory {
my $dir = shift;
for my $file (<$dir/*>) {
next unless (-r $file);
if (-f $file) {
process_file($file);
} elsif (-d $file) {
process_directory($file);
}
}
}
use File::Find ();

# Traverse desired filesystems
sub process_directory {
my $directory = shift;
File::Find::find({wanted => \&wanted}, $directory);
}

sub wanted {
process_file( $File::Find::name );
}
erlang
filelib:fold_files(Directory, ".*", true, fun (FileOrDirPath, Acc) -> Worker(FileOrDirPath), Acc end, []).
process_dir(Directory, Worker).
cpp
void processFile(String^ filename) { Console::WriteLine("{0}", filename); }

void processDirectory(String^ dirname)
{
for each(String^ filename in IO::Directory::GetFiles(dirname)) processFile(filename);
for each(String^ subdirname in IO::Directory::GetDirectories(dirname)) processDirectory(subdirname);
}

int main()
{
processDirectory("c:\\");
}