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Perform an action if a condition is true (IF .. THEN)
Given a variable name, if the value is
"Bob", display the string "Hello, Bob!". Perform no action if the name is not equal.
php
if($name == "Bob") {
echo "Hello, Bob!";
}
echo "Hello, Bob!";
}
clojure
(def person "Bob")
(if (= person "Bob")
(println "Hello, Bob!"))
(if (= person "Bob")
(println "Hello, Bob!"))
fantom
if (name=="Bob") echo("Hello, Bob!")
Perform different actions depending on a boolean condition (IF .. THEN .. ELSE)
Given a variable age, if the value is greater than 42 display
"You are old", otherwise display "You are young"
php
if($age < 42) {
echo "You are young";
} else {
echo "You are old";
}
echo "You are young";
} else {
echo "You are old";
}
echo "You are " . (($age < 43) ? "young" : "old");
clojure
(def age 41)
(if (> age 42) "You are old" "You are young")
(if (> age 42) "You are old" "You are young")
fantom
if (age > 42)
echo("You are old")
else
echo("You are young")
echo("You are old")
else
echo("You are young")
echo((age > 42) ? "You are old" : "You are young")
Perform different actions depending on several boolean conditions (IF .. THEN .. ELSIF .. ELSE)
php
echo "You are " . (($age > 84) ? "really ancient" : (($age > 30) ? "middle-aged" : "young"));
$response = "You are ";
if ($age > 84) {
$response .= "really ancient";
} else if ($age > 30) {
$response .= "middle-aged";
} else {
$response .= "young";
}
echo $response;
if ($age > 84) {
$response .= "really ancient";
} else if ($age > 30) {
$response .= "middle-aged";
} else {
$response .= "young";
}
echo $response;
clojure
(println
(condp <= age
84 "You are really ancient"
30 "You are middle aged"
"You are young"))
(condp <= age
84 "You are really ancient"
30 "You are middle aged"
"You are young"))
fantom
if (age > 84)
echo("You are really ancient")
else if (age > 30)
echo("You are middle-aged")
else
echo("You are young")
echo("You are really ancient")
else if (age > 30)
echo("You are middle-aged")
else
echo("You are young")
Replacing a conditional with many branches with a switch/case statement
Many languages support more compact forms of branching than just if ... then ... else such as switch or case or match. Use such a form to add an appropriate placing suffix to the numbers 1..40, e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, ..., 11th, 12th, ... 39th, 40th
php
function suffix($n) {
switch ($n) {
case ($n % 100 >= 4) && ($n % 100 <= 20):
return 'th';
case $n % 10 == 1:
return 'st';
case $n % 10 == 2:
return 'nd';
case $n % 10 == 3:
return 'rd';
default:
return 'th';
}
}
for ($n=1; $n<=40; $n++) {
echo $n . suffix($n) ."\n";
}
switch ($n) {
case ($n % 100 >= 4) && ($n % 100 <= 20):
return 'th';
case $n % 10 == 1:
return 'st';
case $n % 10 == 2:
return 'nd';
case $n % 10 == 3:
return 'rd';
default:
return 'th';
}
}
for ($n=1; $n<=40; $n++) {
echo $n . suffix($n) ."\n";
}
clojure
(def n 112)
(println (str n
(let [rem (mod n 100)]
(if (and (>= rem 11) (<= rem 13))
"th"
(condp = (mod n 10)
1 "st"
2 "nd"
3 "rd"
"th")))))
(println (str n
(let [rem (mod n 100)]
(if (and (>= rem 11) (<= rem 13))
"th"
(condp = (mod n 10)
1 "st"
2 "nd"
3 "rd"
"th")))))
fantom
suffix := |Int n -> Str|
{
if ((4..20).contains(n % 100))
return "th"
switch((n.toStr)[-1])
{
case '1': return "st"
case '2': return "nd"
case '3': return "rd"
default: return "th"
}
}
(1..40).each { echo("$it${suffix(it)}") }
{
if ((4..20).contains(n % 100))
return "th"
switch((n.toStr)[-1])
{
case '1': return "st"
case '2': return "nd"
case '3': return "rd"
default: return "th"
}
}
(1..40).each { echo("$it${suffix(it)}") }
Perform an action multiple times based on a boolean condition, checked before the first action (WHILE .. DO)
Starting with a variable x=1, Print the sequence
"1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128," by doubling x and checking that x is less than 150.
php
$x = 1;
while($x < 150) {
echo "$x,";
$x *= 2;
}
while($x < 150) {
echo "$x,";
$x *= 2;
}
$x = 0;
$c = pow(2, $x);
while($c < 150) {
echo "$c,";
$c = pow(2, $x++);
}
$c = pow(2, $x);
while($c < 150) {
echo "$c,";
$c = pow(2, $x++);
}
clojure
(take-while #(< % 150) (iterate #(* 2 %) 1))
fantom
x := 1
while (x < 150) {
Env.cur.out.print("$x,")
x *= 2
}
echo
while (x < 150) {
Env.cur.out.print("$x,")
x *= 2
}
echo
Perform an action multiple times based on a boolean condition, checked after the first action (DO .. WHILE)
Simulate rolling a die until you get a six. Produce random numbers, printing them until a six is rolled. An example output might be
"4,2,1,2,6"
php
do {
$rand = rand(1,6);
echo $rand;
if ($rand != 6) echo ", ";
} while ($rand != 6);
$rand = rand(1,6);
echo $rand;
if ($rand != 6) echo ", ";
} while ($rand != 6);
clojure
(loop [r (rand-int 6)]
(if (= r 5)
nil
(do
(println r)
(recur (rand-int 6)))))
(if (= r 5)
nil
(do
(println r)
(recur (rand-int 6)))))
fantom
rnd := 0
while(rnd != 6) {
rnd = Int.random(1..6)
Env.cur.out.print(rnd)
if (rnd != 6)
Env.cur.out.print(",")
}
echo
while(rnd != 6) {
rnd = Int.random(1..6)
Env.cur.out.print(rnd)
if (rnd != 6)
Env.cur.out.print(",")
}
echo
Perform an action a fixed number of times (FOR)
Display the string
"Hello" five times like "HelloHelloHelloHelloHello"
php
for($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
echo "Hello";
}
echo "Hello";
}
clojure
(dotimes [_ 5]
(print "Hello"))
(print "Hello"))
fantom
5.times { Env.cur.out.print("Hello") }
for (i := 0; i < 5; i++)
Env.cur.out.print("Hello")
Env.cur.out.print("Hello")
(1..5).each { Env.cur.out.print("Hello") }
Perform an action a fixed number of times with a counter
Display the string
"10 .. 9 .. 8 .. 7 .. 6 .. 5 .. 4 .. 3 .. 2 .. 1 .. Liftoff!"
php
for($i = 10; $i > 0; $i--) {
echo $i." .. ";
}
echo "Liftoff!";
echo $i." .. ";
}
echo "Liftoff!";
clojure
(dotimes [i 10]
(print (str (- 10 i) " .. ")))
(println "Liftoff!")
(print (str (- 10 i) " .. ")))
(println "Liftoff!")
fantom
(10..1).each { Env.cur.out.print("$it .. ") }
Env.cur.out.print("Liftoff!")
Env.cur.out.print("Liftoff!")
for (i := 10; i >= 1; i--)
Env.cur.out.print("$i .. ")
Env.cur.out.print("Liftoff!")
Env.cur.out.print("$i .. ")
Env.cur.out.print("Liftoff!")
