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Strings

Printing

Output a string to the console

Write the string "Hello World!" to STDOUT

php

echo 'Hello World!';

/****
* For some (security)reason I couldn't
* submit this without adding a space to
* the functionname. Please remove it :)
****/

// The correct way in command line-mode. :)
f write(STDOUT, "Hello World!\n");

clojure

(println "Hello World!")

Retrieve a string containing ampersands from the variables in a url

My PHP script first does a query to obtain customer info for a form. The form has first name and last name fields among others. The customer has put entries such as "Ron & Jean" in the first name field in the database. Then the edit form script is called with variables such as

"http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron & Jean&lname=Smith".

The script variable for first name $_REQUEST['firstname'] never gets beyond the "Ron" value because of the ampersand in the data.

I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like "http://myserver/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname="Ronxxnbsp;xxamp;xxnbsp;Jean"&lname=SMITH". (sorry I had to add the xx to replace the ampersand or it didn't display meaningful url contents the browser sees.)

Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?

php

/************************
* This is definitely not what this site is about
* This is not a site where you can get help with various problems
* It's a site where you can say:
* "How do you do the following in your language"
*
*************
*
* Anyway...
* I would use urlencode like you have tried
* (or to be on the safe side: rawurlencode() )
************************/

$parameter = "Bart & Lisa";
echo "<a href='".basename(__FILE__)."?fname=".$parameter."'>?fname=".$parameter."</a><br />\n";
echo "<a href='".basename(__FILE__)."?fname=".rawurlencode($parameter)."'>?fname=".rawurlencode($parameter)."</a><br />\n";

echo "<pre>", print_r($_REQUEST, true), "</pre>";

/***************
* Try to save this as a file and run the script
************
* If you hover the mouse over the link, they will look exactly the same
* but if you click them, they will output differently
***************/

// Cheers, "Josso"

echo("The given input URL is mal-formed; it should be URL-encoded. Use urldecode() on each argument to decode it.");

$url = parse_url("http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron & Jean&lname=Smith");
$query = $url['query'];
$query = preg_replace("/&(?=[^=]*&)/", "%26", $query);
parse_str($query, $querystring);
var_dump($querystring);

the result is >> array(3) {
["mode"]=>
string(4) "view"
["fname"]=>
string(10) "Ron & Jean"
["lname"]=>
string(5) "Smith"
}

clojure

(->> {"mode" "view"
"fname" "Ron & Jean"
"lname" "Smith"}
(map #(str (URLEncoder/encode (first %) "UTF-8")
"="
(URLEncoder/encode (second %) "UTF-8")))
(reduce (fn [url e] (str url "&" e))
"http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php"))

string-wrap

Wrap the string "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> "

Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

php

foreach(str_split(str_repeat("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ", 10), 77) as $line)
printf("> %s\n", trim($line));

clojure

(defn string-wrap [s]
(if (= 0 (count s))
nil
(lazy-seq (cons (apply str (take 78 s))
(string-wrap (drop 78 s))))))

(let [s (apply str (repeat 10 "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. "))]
(doseq [line (string-wrap s)]
(println "> " line)))

Declaration

Define a string containing special characters

Define the literal string "\#{'}${"}/"

php

$special = "\\#{'}\${\"}/";

$special = '\#{\'}${"}/';

clojure

(def special "\\#{'}${\"}/")

Define a multiline string

Define the string:

"This

Is

A

Multiline

String"

php

$multiline = <<<ML
This
Is
A
Multiline
String
ML;

$multiline = "This
Is
A
Multiline
String";

$multiline = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString";

clojure

(def multiline "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString")

Define a string containing variables and expressions

Given variables a=3 and b=4 output "3+4=7"

php

echo "$a+$b=".($a+$b);

printf("%d+%d=%d\n", $a, $b, $a + $b);

clojure

(format "%d + %d = %d" a b (+ a b))

Manipulation

Reverse the characters in a string

Given the string "reverse me", produce the string "em esrever"

php

$reversed = strrev("reverse me");

clojure

(require '[clojure.contrib.str-utils2 :as str])
(str/reverse "reverse me")

(apply str (reverse "reverse me"))

Reverse the words in a string

Given the string "This is a end, my only friend!", produce the string "friend! only my end, the is This"

php

$reversed_words = implode(" ", array_reverse(explode(" ", "This is the end, my only friend!")));

clojure

(require '[clojure.contrib.str-utils2 :as str])
(str/join " " (reverse (str/split "this is the end, my only friend!" #" ")))

(apply str (interpose " " (reverse (re-seq #"[^\s]+" "This is the end, my only friend!"))))

Text wrapping

Wrap the string "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> ", yielding this result:

> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.

php

$s = str_repeat("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ", 10);
$s = wordwrap($s, 76, "WRAP");
$s = explode("WRAP", $s);
foreach ($s as $part) {
$res .= "> " . $part . "\n";
}
echo $res;

echo '> '.wordwrap(str_repeat('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ', 10), 70,"\n> ")."\n";

clojure

(doseq [line (re-seq #".{0,70} "
(apply str
(repeat 10 "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ")))]
(println ">" line))

Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string

Given the string " hello " return the string "hello".

php

$hello_trimmed = trim(" hello ");

clojure

(use 'clojure.contrib.str-utils2)
(trim " hello ")

(clojure.string/trim " hello ")

(.trim " hello ")

Simple substitution cipher

Take a string and return the ROT13 and ROT47 (Check Wikipedia) version of the string.
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab

php

clojure

(use 'clojure.contrib.cond)

(defn rot13 [s]
(reduce str
(map #(char (let [c (bit-and (int (char %)) 0xDF)]
(+ % (cond-let [i]
(and (>= c (int \A)) (<= c (int \M))) 13
(and (>= c (int \N)) (<= c (int \Z))) -13
true 0))))
(map #(int (char %)) s))))

(defn rot47 [s]
(reduce str
(map #(char (+ % (cond-let [i]
(and (>= % (int \!)) (<= % (int \O))) 47
(and (>= % (int \P)) (<= % (int \~))) -47
true 0)))
(map #(int (char %)) s))))

Case