View Category
Output a string to the console
Write the string
"Hello World!" to STDOUT
python
print "Hello World!"
csharp
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!")
fsharp
printfn "Hello World!"
fantom
echo("Hello World!")
Retrieve a string containing ampersands from the variables in a url
My PHP script first does a query to obtain customer info for a form. The form has first name and last name fields among others. The customer has put entries such as
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
"Ron & Jean" in the first name field in the database. Then the edit form script is called with variables such as
"http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron & Jean&lname=Smith".
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
['firstname'] never gets beyond the "Ron" value because of the ampersand in the data.
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
"http://myserver/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname="Ronxxnbsp;xxamp;xxnbsp;Jean"&lname=SMITH". (sorry I had to add the xx to replace the ampersand or it didn't display meaningful url contents the browser sees.)
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
python
# I'm not really sure this is what the site is for,
# but the one unsolved problem for python was grating me.
# Anyway, I think this is what you're looking for.
from urllib import urlencode
query_dict = {'mode': 'view',
'fname': 'Ron & Jean',
'lname': 'Smith'}
print urlencode(query_dict.items())
# Which will be 'lname=Smith&mode=view&fname=Ron+%26+Jean'.
# but the one unsolved problem for python was grating me.
# Anyway, I think this is what you're looking for.
from urllib import urlencode
query_dict = {'mode': 'view',
'fname': 'Ron & Jean',
'lname': 'Smith'}
print urlencode(query_dict.items())
# Which will be 'lname=Smith&mode=view&fname=Ron+%26+Jean'.
fsharp
//the problem arises due to the fact that you've attempted to apply HTML entities encoding rather than URL encoding to your data!
//in F#, for example, assuming you would call this function with fname and lname parameters, this would produce the desired output
let getProperUrl fname lname = sprintf "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=%s&lname=%s" (HttpUtility.UrlEncode fname) (HttpUtility.UrlEncode lname)
//in F#, for example, assuming you would call this function with fname and lname parameters, this would produce the desired output
let getProperUrl fname lname = sprintf "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=%s&lname=%s" (HttpUtility.UrlEncode fname) (HttpUtility.UrlEncode lname)
// Example that shows encoding and decoding:
let queryString =
let fname = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("Ron & James")
let lname = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("Smith & Jones")
sprintf "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=%s&lname=%s" fname lname
/// All parameters in the URL as a lookup map
let parameters =
let paramStart = queryString.IndexOf('?')
if paramStart < 0 then
Map.empty
else
let values =
queryString.Substring(paramStart + 1)
|> HttpUtility.ParseQueryString
values.AllKeys
|> Seq.map (fun key -> key, values.[key])
|> Map.ofSeq
let fname = parameters.TryFind("fname")
let lname = parameters.TryFind("lname")
let queryString =
let fname = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("Ron & James")
let lname = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("Smith & Jones")
sprintf "http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=%s&lname=%s" fname lname
/// All parameters in the URL as a lookup map
let parameters =
let paramStart = queryString.IndexOf('?')
if paramStart < 0 then
Map.empty
else
let values =
queryString.Substring(paramStart + 1)
|> HttpUtility.ParseQueryString
values.AllKeys
|> Seq.map (fun key -> key, values.[key])
|> Map.ofSeq
let fname = parameters.TryFind("fname")
let lname = parameters.TryFind("lname")
fantom
encoded := `http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php`.plusQuery(
["fname":"Ron & Jean", "lname":"Smith"]).encode
echo(encoded)
["fname":"Ron & Jean", "lname":"Smith"]).encode
echo(encoded)
string-wrap
Wrap the string
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> "
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
python
def wrap(string, length):
while len(string):
print("> " + string[0:length - 1])
string = string[length - 1:].strip()
wrap("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10, 78)
while len(string):
print("> " + string[0:length - 1])
string = string[length - 1:].strip()
wrap("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10, 78)
fantom
s:=Str[,].fill("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ",10).join
while(s.size>0){
echo("> "+s[0..(77.min(s.size))-1])
s=(s.size>77)?s[77..-1].trim : ""
}
while(s.size>0){
echo("> "+s[0..(77.min(s.size))-1])
s=(s.size>77)?s[77..-1].trim : ""
}
Define a string containing special characters
Define the literal string
"\#{'}${"}/"
python
# yes, Python has way too many forms of string literals :)
print "\\#{'}${\"}/"
print "\\#{'}${"'"'"}/"
print r"""\#{'}${"}/"""
print '\\#{\'}${"}/'
print '\\#{'"'"'}${"}/'
print r'''\#{'}${"}/'''
print "\\#{'}${\"}/"
print "\\#{'}${"'"'"}/"
print r"""\#{'}${"}/"""
print '\\#{\'}${"}/'
print '\\#{'"'"'}${"}/'
print r'''\#{'}${"}/'''
csharp
string verbatim = @"\#{'}${""""}/";
string cStyle = "\\#{'}${\"\"}/";
string cStyle = "\\#{'}${\"\"}/";
fsharp
let special = "\#{'}${\"}/"
fantom
special := Str<|\#{'}${"}/|>
Define a multiline string
Define the string:
"This
Is
A
Multiline
String"
python
text = """This
Is
A
Multiline
String"""
Is
A
Multiline
String"""
# with proper indentation
text = (
"This\n"
"Is\n"
"A\n"
"Multiline\n"
"String"
)
text = (
"This\n"
"Is\n"
"A\n"
"Multiline\n"
"String"
)
csharp
string output = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString";
string output = @"This
Is
A
Multiline
String";
Is
A
Multiline
String";
fsharp
let multiline = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString"
let multiline = "This
Is
A
Multiline
String"
Is
A
Multiline
String"
fantom
s := "This
Is
A
Multiline
String"
Is
A
Multiline
String"
Define a string containing variables and expressions
Given variables a=3 and b=4 output
"3+4=7"
python
class EvalDict(dict):
def __getitem__(s, k):
return eval(k, s)
a=3; b=4
"%(a)d+%(b)d=%(a+b)d" % EvalDict(locals())
def __getitem__(s, k):
return eval(k, s)
a=3; b=4
"%(a)d+%(b)d=%(a+b)d" % EvalDict(locals())
a=3; b=4
"%d+%d=%d" % (a, b, a+b)
"%d+%d=%d" % (a, b, a+b)
csharp
int a = 3;
int b = 4;
Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", a,b,a+b);
int b = 4;
Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", a,b,a+b);
fsharp
let a, b = 3, 4
let mystr = sprintf "%d+%d=%d" a b (a+b)
printfn "%s" mystr
let mystr = sprintf "%d+%d=%d" a b (a+b)
printfn "%s" mystr
fantom
echo("$a+$b=${a+b}")
Reverse the characters in a string
Given the string
"reverse me", produce the string "em esrever"
python
"reverse me"[::-1]
csharp
var str = "reverse me";
Console.WriteLine(new String(str.Reverse().ToArray()));
Console.WriteLine(new String(str.Reverse().ToArray()));
fsharp
let reversed = new String (Array.rev ("reverse me".ToCharArray()))
let word = "reverse me"
//reverse the word
let reversedword =
word.ToCharArray()
|> Array.fold(fun acc x -> x::acc) []
//reverse the word
let reversedword =
word.ToCharArray()
|> Array.fold(fun acc x -> x::acc) []
fantom
"reverse me".reverse
Reverse the words in a string
Given the string
"This is a end, my only friend!", produce the string "friend! only my end, the is This"
python
' '.join(reversed("This is a end, my only friend!".split()))
csharp
var str = "This is a end, my only friend!";
str = String.Join(" ", str.Split().Reverse().ToArray());
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = String.Join(" ", str.Split().Reverse().ToArray());
Console.WriteLine(str);
fsharp
let reversed = String.Join(" ", Array.rev("This is the end, my only friend!".Split [|' '|]))
fantom
"This is a end, my only friend!".split.reverse.join(" ")
Text wrapping
Wrap the string
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> ", yielding this result:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
python
import textwrap
print textwrap.fill("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10,
72, initial_indent="> ", subsequent_indent="> ")
print textwrap.fill("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10,
72, initial_indent="> ", subsequent_indent="> ")
csharp
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq; // used for Array.ToList() extension
public class TextWrapper {
/// <summary>
/// Wrap the given text to a given width.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="text">The text to be wrapped</param>
/// <param name="width">The maximum width of each line</param>
/// <param name="prefix">Begin each line with this prefix</param>
/// <returns>The wrapped text</returns>
public string Wrap(string text, int width, string prefix) {
var words = text.Split(' ').ToList();
var result = new StringBuilder(prefix);
width = width - prefix.Length;
prefix = "\n" + prefix;
int lineSize = 0;
foreach (var word in words) {
int wordLen = word.Length;
// Do we need to start a new line?
if ((lineSize + wordLen) > width) {
result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1); // remove trailing space
lineSize = 0;
result.Append( prefix );
}
result.Append(word).Append(' ');
lineSize += wordLen + 1;
}
return result.ToString();
}
public static void Main() {
var prefix = "> ";
var sentence = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
var text = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
text += sentence;
// The description said lines of length 78, but
// the example was 72...
Console.WriteLine(new TextWrapper().Wrap(text, 72, prefix));
}
}
using System.Text;
using System.Linq; // used for Array.ToList() extension
public class TextWrapper {
/// <summary>
/// Wrap the given text to a given width.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="text">The text to be wrapped</param>
/// <param name="width">The maximum width of each line</param>
/// <param name="prefix">Begin each line with this prefix</param>
/// <returns>The wrapped text</returns>
public string Wrap(string text, int width, string prefix) {
var words = text.Split(' ').ToList();
var result = new StringBuilder(prefix);
width = width - prefix.Length;
prefix = "\n" + prefix;
int lineSize = 0;
foreach (var word in words) {
int wordLen = word.Length;
// Do we need to start a new line?
if ((lineSize + wordLen) > width) {
result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1); // remove trailing space
lineSize = 0;
result.Append( prefix );
}
result.Append(word).Append(' ');
lineSize += wordLen + 1;
}
return result.ToString();
}
public static void Main() {
var prefix = "> ";
var sentence = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
var text = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
text += sentence;
// The description said lines of length 78, but
// the example was 72...
Console.WriteLine(new TextWrapper().Wrap(text, 72, prefix));
}
}
fsharp
let prefix = "> "
let input = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. "
(String.split ['\n'] (textwrap (copies input 10) (73 - prefix.Length))) |> List.iter (fun line -> printfn "%s%s" prefix line)
let input = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. "
(String.split ['\n'] (textwrap (copies input 10) (73 - prefix.Length))) |> List.iter (fun line -> printfn "%s%s" prefix line)
let output maxWidth (s: string) =
let rec wrap = function
| lineSoFar, ([| |]: string array)-> printfn "%s" lineSoFar
| ">" as lineSoFar, (words: string array) ->
// Handle this case separately, thus we can also deal with
// cases where a word is longer then the max width
wrap (lineSoFar + " " + words.[0], Array.sub words 1 (words.Length - 1))
| lineSoFar, words when words.[0].Length + lineSoFar.Length >= maxWidth ->
printfn "%s" lineSoFar
wrap (">", words)
| lineSoFar, words ->
wrap(lineSoFar + " " + words.[0], Array.sub words 1 (words.Length - 1))
wrap (">", s.Split([| ' ' |]))
[| for i in 1 .. 10 do yield "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." |]
|> String.concat " "
|> output 78
let rec wrap = function
| lineSoFar, ([| |]: string array)-> printfn "%s" lineSoFar
| ">" as lineSoFar, (words: string array) ->
// Handle this case separately, thus we can also deal with
// cases where a word is longer then the max width
wrap (lineSoFar + " " + words.[0], Array.sub words 1 (words.Length - 1))
| lineSoFar, words when words.[0].Length + lineSoFar.Length >= maxWidth ->
printfn "%s" lineSoFar
wrap (">", words)
| lineSoFar, words ->
wrap(lineSoFar + " " + words.[0], Array.sub words 1 (words.Length - 1))
wrap (">", s.Split([| ' ' |]))
[| for i in 1 .. 10 do yield "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." |]
|> String.concat " "
|> output 78
fantom
buf := Buf()
10.times { buf.writeChars("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ") }
buf.flip
out := Env.cur.out
sep := ">"; max := 72 - sep.size - 1
acc := 0; Str? s := null
while ((s = buf.readStrToken) != null)
{
if (acc == 0)
out.print(sep)
acc += s.size
if (acc > max)
{
out.print("\n$sep")
acc = s.size
}
out.print(" $s")
buf.readStrToken(4096) { !it.isSpace }
acc++
}
10.times { buf.writeChars("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ") }
buf.flip
out := Env.cur.out
sep := ">"; max := 72 - sep.size - 1
acc := 0; Str? s := null
while ((s = buf.readStrToken) != null)
{
if (acc == 0)
out.print(sep)
acc += s.size
if (acc > max)
{
out.print("\n$sep")
acc = s.size
}
out.print(" $s")
buf.readStrToken(4096) { !it.isSpace }
acc++
}
Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string
Given the string
" hello " return the string "hello".
python
assert 'hello' == ' hello '.strip()
csharp
string str = " hello ";
str = str.Trim();
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = str.Trim();
Console.WriteLine(str);
fsharp
let s = " hello "
let trimmed = s.Trim()
let trimmed = s.Trim()
let trimmed = " hello ".Trim()
fantom
s := " hello ".trim
Simple substitution cipher
Take a string and return the ROT13 and ROT47 (Check Wikipedia) version of the string.
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
python
# rot13, readable
rot13_tbl = string.maketrans("ABCDEFGHIJKLMabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZnopqrstuvwxyz", "NOPQRSTUVWXYZnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMabcdefghijklm")
string.translate("Hello World #123", rot13_tbl)
#
# "a bad programmer can write bad code in any language"
#
# rot13, "clever"
string.translate("Hello World #123", string.maketrans(string.lowercase+string.uppercase, string.lowercase[13:]+string.lowercase[:13]+string.uppercase[13:]+string.uppercase[:13]))
# rot47, very "clever"
''.join([ord(c) in range(33,127) and chr(((ord(c)-33+47)%(127-33))+33) or c for c in "Hello World #123"])
rot13_tbl = string.maketrans("ABCDEFGHIJKLMabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZnopqrstuvwxyz", "NOPQRSTUVWXYZnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMabcdefghijklm")
string.translate("Hello World #123", rot13_tbl)
#
# "a bad programmer can write bad code in any language"
#
# rot13, "clever"
string.translate("Hello World #123", string.maketrans(string.lowercase+string.uppercase, string.lowercase[13:]+string.lowercase[:13]+string.uppercase[13:]+string.uppercase[:13]))
# rot47, very "clever"
''.join([ord(c) in range(33,127) and chr(((ord(c)-33+47)%(127-33))+33) or c for c in "Hello World #123"])
"Hello World #123".encode('rot13')
fsharp
#light
let rotChar (s:int) (l:int) (h:int) (c:char) =
let charCode = int c
let letterCount = h - l + 1
let newCharCode = (charCode - l + s) % letterCount + l
char newCharCode
let rot13 (text:string) =
let rotChar13 = function
| (c:char) when 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z' -> rotChar 13 (int 'A') (int 'Z') c
| c when 'a' <= c && c <= 'z' -> rotChar 13 (int 'a') (int 'z') c
| c -> c
new string([| for c in text -> rotChar13 c|])
let rot47 (text:string) =
let rotChar47 = function
| ' ' as c -> c
| c -> rotChar 47 (int '!') (int '~') c
new string([| for c in text -> rotChar47 c |])
let rotChar (s:int) (l:int) (h:int) (c:char) =
let charCode = int c
let letterCount = h - l + 1
let newCharCode = (charCode - l + s) % letterCount + l
char newCharCode
let rot13 (text:string) =
let rotChar13 = function
| (c:char) when 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z' -> rotChar 13 (int 'A') (int 'Z') c
| c when 'a' <= c && c <= 'z' -> rotChar 13 (int 'a') (int 'z') c
| c -> c
new string([| for c in text -> rotChar13 c|])
let rot47 (text:string) =
let rotChar47 = function
| ' ' as c -> c
| c -> rotChar 47 (int '!') (int '~') c
new string([| for c in text -> rotChar47 c |])
fantom
rot := |Str s, |Int c -> Int| remap -> Str|
{
rs := ""
s.each { rs += remap(it).toChar }
return rs
}
rot13 := |Str s -> Str|
{
rot(s) |Int c -> Int|
{
lc := c.lower
c += (lc >= 'a' && lc <= 'm') ? 13
: ((lc >= 'n' && lc <= 'z') ? -13 : 0)
return c
}
}
rot47 := |Str s -> Str|
{
rot(s) |Int c -> Int|
{
c += (c >= '!' && c <= 'O') ? 47
: ((c >= 'P' && c <= '~') ? -47 : 0)
return c
}
}
s := "Hello World #123"
echo("s=$s")
echo("rot13=${rot13(s)}")
echo("rot47=${rot47(s)}")
{
rs := ""
s.each { rs += remap(it).toChar }
return rs
}
rot13 := |Str s -> Str|
{
rot(s) |Int c -> Int|
{
lc := c.lower
c += (lc >= 'a' && lc <= 'm') ? 13
: ((lc >= 'n' && lc <= 'z') ? -13 : 0)
return c
}
}
rot47 := |Str s -> Str|
{
rot(s) |Int c -> Int|
{
c += (c >= '!' && c <= 'O') ? 47
: ((c >= 'P' && c <= '~') ? -47 : 0)
return c
}
}
s := "Hello World #123"
echo("s=$s")
echo("rot13=${rot13(s)}")
echo("rot47=${rot47(s)}")
Make a string uppercase
Transform
"Space Monkey" into "SPACE MONKEY"
python
"Space Monkey".upper()
csharp
string output = "Space Monkey"
System.Console.WriteLine(output.ToUpper())
System.Console.WriteLine(output.ToUpper())
fsharp
printfn "%s" ("Space Monkey".ToUpper())
printfn "%s" (String.uppercase "Space Monkey")
fantom
s := "Space Monkey".localeUpper
Make a string lowercase
Transform
"Caps ARE overRated" into "caps are overrated"
python
"Caps ARE overRated".lower()
csharp
string str = "Caps ARE overRated";
str = str.ToLower() ;
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = str.ToLower() ;
Console.WriteLine(str);
fsharp
printfn "%s" ("Caps ARE overRated".ToLower())
printfn "%s" (String.lowercase "Caps ARE overRated")
fantom
s := "Caps ARE overRated".localeLower
Capitalise the first letter of each word
Transform
"man OF stEEL" into "Man Of Steel"
python
from string import capwords
capwords("man OF stEEL")
capwords("man OF stEEL")
' '.join(s.capitalize() for s in "man OF stEEL".split())
"man OF stEEL".title()
csharp
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase("man OF stEEL".ToLowerInvariant());
fsharp
let words = String.Join(" ", Array.map (fun (s : String) -> (String.capitalize (s.ToLower()))) ("man OF stEEL".Split [|' '|]))
let wordlst = List.map (fun s -> (String.capitalize (String.lowercase s))) (String.split [' '] "man OF stEEL")
let words = new StringBuilder(List.hd wordlst)
for (s : String) in (List.tl wordlst) do (words.Append(" ").Append(s))
let words = new StringBuilder(List.hd wordlst)
for (s : String) in (List.tl wordlst) do (words.Append(" ").Append(s))
// Previous solutions used old library functions, here's something that works with F# 2.0
let s= "man OF stEEL"
let UpperFirst = function | "" -> "" | s -> s.Substring(0,1).ToUpper() + s.Substring(1).ToLower()
s.Split(' ') |> Array.map UpperFirst |> String.concat " "
let s= "man OF stEEL"
let UpperFirst = function | "" -> "" | s -> s.Substring(0,1).ToUpper() + s.Substring(1).ToLower()
s.Split(' ') |> Array.map UpperFirst |> String.concat " "
let culture = System.Globalization.CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US")
let titleCase = culture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase "man oF sTeel"
let titleCase = culture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase "man oF sTeel"
fantom
"man OF stEEL".split.map { it.localeLower.localeCapitalize }.join(" ")
