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Output a string to the console
Write the string
"Hello World!" to STDOUT
scala
println("Hello World!")
printf("Hello World!\n")
csharp
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!")
Retrieve a string containing ampersands from the variables in a url
My PHP script first does a query to obtain customer info for a form. The form has first name and last name fields among others. The customer has put entries such as
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
"Ron & Jean" in the first name field in the database. Then the edit form script is called with variables such as
"http://myserver.com/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname=Ron & Jean&lname=Smith".
The script variable for first name $_REQUEST
['firstname'] never gets beyond the "Ron" value because of the ampersand in the data.
I have tried various functions like urldecode but all to no avail. I even tried encoding the url before the view screen is painted so that the url looks like
"http://myserver/custinfo/edit.php?mode=view&fname="Ronxxnbsp;xxamp;xxnbsp;Jean"&lname=SMITH". (sorry I had to add the xx to replace the ampersand or it didn't display meaningful url contents the browser sees.)
Of course this fails for the same reasons. What is a better approach?
scala
import java.net.URLEncoder
val params = Map("mode"->"view", "fname"->"Ron & Jean", "lname"->"Smith")
var url = ""
for ((k, v) <- params) { url += URLEncoder.encode(k) + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(v) }
println(url)
val params = Map("mode"->"view", "fname"->"Ron & Jean", "lname"->"Smith")
var url = ""
for ((k, v) <- params) { url += URLEncoder.encode(k) + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(v) }
println(url)
import java.net.URLEncoder
val params = Map("mode"->"view", "fname"->"Ron & Jean", "lname"->"Smith")
(for ((k, v) <- params) yield URLEncoder.encode(k) + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(v) ).mkString("&")
val params = Map("mode"->"view", "fname"->"Ron & Jean", "lname"->"Smith")
(for ((k, v) <- params) yield URLEncoder.encode(k) + "=" + URLEncoder.encode(v) ).mkString("&")
string-wrap
Wrap the string
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> "
Expected output:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over t
> he lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox
> jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The qui
> ck brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy
> dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps o
> ver the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
scala
object Wrap {
def wordWrap(str: String, width: Int, lineStart: String, reps: Int) = {
var strRepeated = ""
for(i <- 0 until reps) strRepeated += str
while(strRepeated.length > width) {
println(lineStart + strRepeated.substring(0, (width-1)))
strRepeated = strRepeated.substring(width)
}
println(lineStart + strRepeated)
}
def main(args: Array[String]) = {
wordWrap("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ", 78, "> ", 10)
}
}
def wordWrap(str: String, width: Int, lineStart: String, reps: Int) = {
var strRepeated = ""
for(i <- 0 until reps) strRepeated += str
while(strRepeated.length > width) {
println(lineStart + strRepeated.substring(0, (width-1)))
strRepeated = strRepeated.substring(width)
}
println(lineStart + strRepeated)
}
def main(args: Array[String]) = {
wordWrap("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ", 78, "> ", 10)
}
}
def stringWrap(s: String): List[String] =
if (s.length == 0) Nil else s.take(78) :: stringWrap(s.drop(78))
stringWrap("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10).foreach(line => println("> " + line))
if (s.length == 0) Nil else s.take(78) :: stringWrap(s.drop(78))
stringWrap("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10).foreach(line => println("> " + line))
("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10) grouped(78) foreach { line => println("> " + line) }
Define a string containing special characters
Define the literal string
"\#{'}${"}/"
scala
val special = "\\#{'}${\"}/"
val special2 = """\#{'}${"}/"""
val special2 = """\#{'}${"}/"""
csharp
string verbatim = @"\#{'}${""""}/";
string cStyle = "\\#{'}${\"\"}/";
string cStyle = "\\#{'}${\"\"}/";
Define a multiline string
Define the string:
"This
Is
A
Multiline
String"
scala
val text = """This
Is
A
Multiline
String"""
Is
A
Multiline
String"""
val text = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString"
csharp
string output = "This\nIs\nA\nMultiline\nString";
string output = @"This
Is
A
Multiline
String";
Is
A
Multiline
String";
Define a string containing variables and expressions
Given variables a=3 and b=4 output
"3+4=7"
scala
printf("%d+%d=%d\n", a, b, a + b)
"%d+%d=%d".format(a, b, a + b)
s"$a + $b = ${a+b}"
csharp
int a = 3;
int b = 4;
Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", a,b,a+b);
int b = 4;
Console.WriteLine("{0}+{1}={2}", a,b,a+b);
Reverse the characters in a string
Given the string
"reverse me", produce the string "em esrever"
scala
val reversed = "reverse me".reverse
csharp
var str = "reverse me";
Console.WriteLine(new String(str.Reverse().ToArray()));
Console.WriteLine(new String(str.Reverse().ToArray()));
Reverse the words in a string
Given the string
"This is a end, my only friend!", produce the string "friend! only my end, the is This"
scala
"This is the end, my only friend!".split(" ").reverse.reduceLeft( (x,y) => x+' '+y )
val reversed = revwords("This is the end, my only friend!")
(("This is the end, my only friend!" split " ") reverse) mkString " "
val reversedText = text.split(" ").reverse.mkString(" ")
csharp
var str = "This is a end, my only friend!";
str = String.Join(" ", str.Split().Reverse().ToArray());
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = String.Join(" ", str.Split().Reverse().ToArray());
Console.WriteLine(str);
Text wrapping
Wrap the string
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " repeated ten times to a max width of 78 chars, starting each line with "> ", yielding this result:
> The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps
> over the lazy dog. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The
> quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
scala
val prefix = "> " ; val input = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."
WordUtils.wrap(input * 10, 72 - prefix.length).split("\n") foreach {(x) => printf("%s%s\n", prefix, x)}
WordUtils.wrap(input * 10, 72 - prefix.length).split("\n") foreach {(x) => printf("%s%s\n", prefix, x)}
def wrap(words: List[String]): List[List[String]] = words match {
case Nil => Nil
case _ =>
val output = (words.inits.dropWhile { _.mkString(" ").length > 78 }) next;
output :: wrap(words.drop(output.length))
}
wrap(("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10) split(" ") toList) foreach {
words => println("> " + words.mkString(" "))
}
case Nil => Nil
case _ =>
val output = (words.inits.dropWhile { _.mkString(" ").length > 78 }) next;
output :: wrap(words.drop(output.length))
}
wrap(("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. " * 10) split(" ") toList) foreach {
words => println("> " + words.mkString(" "))
}
csharp
using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq; // used for Array.ToList() extension
public class TextWrapper {
/// <summary>
/// Wrap the given text to a given width.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="text">The text to be wrapped</param>
/// <param name="width">The maximum width of each line</param>
/// <param name="prefix">Begin each line with this prefix</param>
/// <returns>The wrapped text</returns>
public string Wrap(string text, int width, string prefix) {
var words = text.Split(' ').ToList();
var result = new StringBuilder(prefix);
width = width - prefix.Length;
prefix = "\n" + prefix;
int lineSize = 0;
foreach (var word in words) {
int wordLen = word.Length;
// Do we need to start a new line?
if ((lineSize + wordLen) > width) {
result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1); // remove trailing space
lineSize = 0;
result.Append( prefix );
}
result.Append(word).Append(' ');
lineSize += wordLen + 1;
}
return result.ToString();
}
public static void Main() {
var prefix = "> ";
var sentence = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
var text = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
text += sentence;
// The description said lines of length 78, but
// the example was 72...
Console.WriteLine(new TextWrapper().Wrap(text, 72, prefix));
}
}
using System.Text;
using System.Linq; // used for Array.ToList() extension
public class TextWrapper {
/// <summary>
/// Wrap the given text to a given width.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="text">The text to be wrapped</param>
/// <param name="width">The maximum width of each line</param>
/// <param name="prefix">Begin each line with this prefix</param>
/// <returns>The wrapped text</returns>
public string Wrap(string text, int width, string prefix) {
var words = text.Split(' ').ToList();
var result = new StringBuilder(prefix);
width = width - prefix.Length;
prefix = "\n" + prefix;
int lineSize = 0;
foreach (var word in words) {
int wordLen = word.Length;
// Do we need to start a new line?
if ((lineSize + wordLen) > width) {
result.Remove(result.Length - 1, 1); // remove trailing space
lineSize = 0;
result.Append( prefix );
}
result.Append(word).Append(' ');
lineSize += wordLen + 1;
}
return result.ToString();
}
public static void Main() {
var prefix = "> ";
var sentence = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. ";
var text = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
text += sentence;
// The description said lines of length 78, but
// the example was 72...
Console.WriteLine(new TextWrapper().Wrap(text, 72, prefix));
}
}
Remove leading and trailing whitespace from a string
Given the string
" hello " return the string "hello".
scala
val s = " hello ".trim
csharp
string str = " hello ";
str = str.Trim();
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = str.Trim();
Console.WriteLine(str);
Simple substitution cipher
Take a string and return the ROT13 and ROT47 (Check Wikipedia) version of the string.
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
For example:
String is: Hello World #123
ROT13 returns: Uryyb Jbeyq #123
ROT47 returns: w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab
scala
val uppers = 'A' to 'Z'
val lowers = 'a' to 'z'
val alpha13 = (uppers ++ lowers).mkString
val beta13 = ((uppers drop 13) ++ (uppers take 13) ++ (lowers drop 13) ++ (lowers take 13)).mkString
val alpha47 = """!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"""
val beta47 = """PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO"""
// generic translation function
def rot (alpha: String, beta: String)(c: Char) = if (alpha contains c) beta(alpha indexOf c) else c
// specific translation functions curried with the respective alphabets
val rot13 = rot(alpha13, beta13) _
val rot47 = rot(alpha47, beta47) _
assert(("Hello World #123" map rot13).toString == "Uryyb Jbeyq #123")
assert(("Hello World #123" map rot47).toString == "w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab")
val lowers = 'a' to 'z'
val alpha13 = (uppers ++ lowers).mkString
val beta13 = ((uppers drop 13) ++ (uppers take 13) ++ (lowers drop 13) ++ (lowers take 13)).mkString
val alpha47 = """!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~"""
val beta47 = """PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO"""
// generic translation function
def rot (alpha: String, beta: String)(c: Char) = if (alpha contains c) beta(alpha indexOf c) else c
// specific translation functions curried with the respective alphabets
val rot13 = rot(alpha13, beta13) _
val rot47 = rot(alpha47, beta47) _
assert(("Hello World #123" map rot13).toString == "Uryyb Jbeyq #123")
assert(("Hello World #123" map rot47).toString == "w6==@ (@C=5 R`ab")
Make a string uppercase
Transform
"Space Monkey" into "SPACE MONKEY"
scala
println("Space Monkey".toUpperCase)
csharp
string output = "Space Monkey"
System.Console.WriteLine(output.ToUpper())
System.Console.WriteLine(output.ToUpper())
Make a string lowercase
Transform
"Caps ARE overRated" into "caps are overrated"
scala
"Caps ARE overRated".toLowerCase
csharp
string str = "Caps ARE overRated";
str = str.ToLower() ;
Console.WriteLine(str);
str = str.ToLower() ;
Console.WriteLine(str);
Capitalise the first letter of each word
Transform
"man OF stEEL" into "Man Of Steel"
scala
def capitalize(s: String) = { s(0).toUpperCase + s.substring(1, s.length).toLowerCase }
"man OF stEEL".split("\\s") foreach {(x) => text.append(capitalize(x)).append(" ")}
"man OF stEEL".split("\\s") foreach {(x) => text.append(capitalize(x)).append(" ")}
val text = WordUtils.capitalizeFully("man OF stEEL")
val text = StringUtils.join("man OF stEEL".split("\\s") map {(x) => StringUtils.capitalize(x.toLowerCase) + " "})
// can be solved without external libraries
(("man OF stEEL" toLowerCase) split " " map (_ capitalize)).mkString(" ")
(("man OF stEEL" toLowerCase) split " " map (_ capitalize)).mkString(" ")
// This is just a slightly more compact form of the previous solution (my fav).
// It would be nice if split defaulted to whitespace (precompiled reg ex).
"man OF stEEL".toLowerCase.split(" ").map(_.capitalize) mkString " "
// It would be nice if split defaulted to whitespace (precompiled reg ex).
"man OF stEEL".toLowerCase.split(" ").map(_.capitalize) mkString " "
csharp
System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase("man OF stEEL".ToLowerInvariant());
